本文轉自：英語世界

　　《吶喊》自序

　　Preface to “Call to Arms”

　　(December 3, 1922)

　　文/魯迅

　　譯/楊憲益、戴乃迭

　　我在年青時候也曾經做過許多夢，後來大半忘卻了，但自己也並不以爲可惜。所謂回憶者，雖說可以使人歡欣，有時也不免使人寂寞，使精神的絲縷還牽着已逝的寂寞的時光，又有什麼意味呢，而我偏苦於不能全忘卻，這不能全忘的一部分，到現在便成了《吶喊》的來由。

　　When I was young I, too, had many dreams. Most of them came to be forgotten, but I see nothing in this to regret. For although recalling the past may make you happy, it may sometimes also make you lonely, and there is no point in clinging in spirit to lonely bygone days. However, my trouble is that I cannot forget completely, and these stories have resulted from what I have been unable to erase from my memory.

　　我有四年多，曾經常常，——幾乎是每天，出入於質鋪和藥店裏，年紀可是忘卻了，總之是藥店的櫃檯正和我一樣高，質鋪的是比我高一倍，我從一倍高的櫃檯外送上衣服或首飾去，在侮蔑裏接了錢，再到一樣高的櫃檯上給我久病的父親去買藥。回家之後，又須忙別的事了，因爲開方的醫生是最有名的，以此所用的藥引也奇特：冬天的蘆根，經霜三年的甘蔗，蟋蟀要原對的，結子的平地木，……多不是容易辦到的東西。然而我的父親終於日重一日的亡故了。

　　For more than four years I used to go, almost daily, to a pawnbroker's and to a medicine shop. I cannot remember how old I was then; but the counter in the medicine shop was the same height as I, and that in the pawnbroker's twice my height. I used to hand clothes and trinkets up to the counter twice my height, take the money proffered with contempt, then go to the counter the same height as I to buy medicine for my father who had long been ill. On my return home I had other things to keep me busy, for since the physician who made out the prescriptions was very well-known, he used unusual drugs: aloe root dug up in winter, sugar-cane that had been three years exposed to frost, twin crickets, and ardisia… all of which were difficult to procure. But my father's illness went from bad to worse until he died.

　　魯迅像，黑白木刻（1961年，趙延年）

　　有誰從小康人家而墜入困頓的麼，我以爲在這途路中，大概可以看見世人的真面目；我要到N進K學堂去了，彷彿是想走異路，逃異地，去尋求別樣的人們。我的母親沒有法，辦了八元的川資，說是由我的自便；然而伊哭了，這正是情理中的事，因爲那時讀書應試是正路，所謂學洋務，社會上便以爲是一種走投無路的人，只得將靈魂賣給鬼子，要加倍的奚落而且排斥的，而況伊又看不見自己的兒子了。然而我也顧不得這些事，終於到N去進了K學堂了，在這學堂裏，我才知道世上還有所謂格致，算學，地理，歷史，繪圖和體操。生理學並不教，但我們卻看到些木版的《全體新論》和《化學衛生論》之類了。我還記得先前的醫生的議論和方藥，和現在所知道的比較起來，便漸漸的悟得中醫不過是一種有意的或無意的騙子，同時又很起了對於被騙的病人和他的家族的同情；而且從譯出的歷史上，又知道了日本維新是大半發端於西方醫學的事實。

　　I believe those who sink from prosperity to poverty will probably come, in the process, to understand what the world is really like. I wanted to go to the K—school in N—perhaps because I was in search of a change of scene and faces. There was nothing for my mother to do but to raise eight dollars for my travelling expenses, and say I might do as I pleased. That she cried was only natural, for at that time the proper thing was to study the classics and take the official examinations. Anyone who studied "foreign subjects" was looked down upon as a fellow good for nothing, who, out of desperation, was forced to sell his soul to foreign devils. Besides, she was sorry to part with me. But in spite of that, I went to N—and entered the K—school; and it was there that I heard for the first time the names of such subjects as natural science, arithmetic, geography, history, drawing and physical training. They had no physiology course, but we saw woodblock editions of such works asA New Course on the Human BodyandEssays on Chemistry and Hygiene. Recalling the talk and prescriptions of physicians I had known and comparing them with what I now knew, I came to the conclusion those physicians must be either unwitting or deliberate charlatans; and I began to sympathize with the invalids and families who suffered at their hands. From translated histories I also learned that the Japanese Reformation had originated, to a great extent, with the introduction of Western medical science to Japan.

　　魯迅親自設計的《吶喊》封面

　　因爲這些幼稚的知識，後來便使我的學籍列在日本一個鄉間的醫學專門學校裏了。我的夢很美滿，預備卒業回來，救治像我父親似的被誤的病人的疾苦，戰爭時候便去當軍醫，一面又促進了國人對於維新的信仰。我已不知道教授微生物學的方法，現在又有了怎樣的進步了，總之那時是用了電影，來顯示微生物的形狀的，因此有時講義的一段落已完，而時間還沒有到，教師便映些風景或時事的畫片給學生看，以用去這多餘的光陰。其時正當日俄戰爭的時候，關於戰事的畫片自然也就比較的多了，我在這一個講堂中，便須常常隨喜我那同學們的拍手和喝彩。有一回，我竟在畫片上忽然會見我久違的許多中國人了，一個綁在中間，許多站在左右，一樣是強壯的體格，而顯出麻木的神情。據解說，則綁着的是替俄國做了軍事上的偵探，正要被日軍砍下頭顱來示衆，而圍着的便是來賞鑑這示衆的盛舉的人們。

　　These inklings took me to a provincial medical college in Japan. I dreamed a beautiful dream that on my return to China I would cure patients like my father, who had been wrongly treated, while if war broke out I would serve as an army doctor, at the same time strengthening my countrymen's faith in reformation. I do not know what advanced methods are now used to reach microbiology, but at that time lantern slides were used to show the microbes; and if the lecture ended early, the instructor might show slides of natural scenery or news to fill up the time. This was during the Russo-Japanese War, so there were many war films, and I had to join in the clapping and cheering in the lecture hall along with the other students. It was a long time since I had seen any compatriots, but one day I saw a film showing some Chinese, one of whom was bound, while many others stood around him. They were all strong fellows but appeared completely apathetic. According to the commentary, the one with his hands bound was a spy working for the Russians, who was to have his head cut off by the Japanese military as a warning to others, while the Chinese beside him had come to enjoy the spectacle.

　　外文出版社1981年第一版

　　這一學年沒有完畢，我已經到了東京了，因爲從那一回以後，我便覺得醫學並非一件緊要事，凡是愚弱的國民，即使體格如何健全，如何茁壯，也只能做毫無意義的示衆的材料和看客，病死多少是不必以爲不幸的。所以我們的第一要著，是在改變他們的精神，而善於改變精神的是，我那時以爲當然要推文藝，於是想提倡文藝運動了。在東京的留學生很有學法政理化以至警察工業的，但沒有人治文學和美術；可是在冷淡的空氣中，也幸而尋到幾個同志了，此外又邀集了必須的幾個人，商量之後，第一步當然是出雜誌，名目是取“新的生命”的意思，因爲我們那時大抵帶些復古的傾向，所以只謂之《新生》。

　　Before the term was over I had left for Tokyo, because after this film I felt that medical science was not so important after all. The people of a weak and backward country, however strong and healthy they may be, can only serve to be made examples of, or to witness such futile spectacles; and it doesn't really matter how many of them die of illness. The most important thing, therefore, was to change their spirit, and since at that time I felt that literature was the best means to this end, I determined to promote a literary movement. There were many Chinese students in Tokyo studying law, political science, physics and chemistry, even police work and engineering, but not one studying literature or art. However, even in this uncongenial atmosphere I was fortunate enough to find some kindred spirits. We gathered the few others we needed, and after discussion our first step, of course, was to publish a magazine, the title of which denoted that this was a new birth. As we were then rather classically inclined, we called itXin Sheng(New Life).

　　《新生》的出版之期接近了，但最先就隱去了若干擔當文字的人，接着又逃走了資本，結果只剩下不名一錢的三個人。創始時候既已背時，失敗時候當然無可告語，而其後卻連這三個人也都爲各自的運命所驅策，不能在一處縱談將來的好夢了，這就是我們的並未產生的《新生》的結局。

　　When the time for publication drew near, some of our contributors dropped out, and then our funds were withdrawn, until finally there were only three of us left, and we were penniless. Since we had started our magazine at an unlucky hour, there was naturally no one to whom we could complain when we failed; but later even we three were destined to part, and our discussions of a dream future had to cease. So ended this abortiveNew Life.

　　Call to Armsby Lu Xun (Simon & Schuster)

　　我感到未嘗經驗的無聊，是自此以後的事。我當初是不知其所以然的；後來想，凡有一人的主張，得了贊和，是促其前進的，得了反對，是促其奮鬥的，獨有叫喊於生人中，而生人並無反應，既非贊同，也無反對，如置身毫無邊際的荒原，無可措手的了，這是怎樣的悲哀呵，我於是以我所感到者爲寂寞。

　　Only later did I feel the futility of it all; at that time I did not really understand anything. Later I felt if a man's proposals met with approval, it should encourage him; if they met with opposition, it should make him fight back; but the real tragedy for him was to lift up his voice among the living and meet with no response, neither approval nor opposition, just as if he were left helpless in a boundless desert. So I began to feel lonely.

　　這寂寞又一天一天的長大起來，如大毒蛇，纏住了我的靈魂了。

　　And this feeling of loneliness grew day by day, coiling about my soul like a huge poisonous snake.

　　然而我雖然自有無端的悲哀，卻也並不憤懣，因爲這經驗使我反省，看見自己了：就是我決不是一個振臂一呼應者雲集的英雄。

　　Yet in spite of my unaccountable sadness, I felt no indignation; for this experience had made me reflect and see that I was definitely not the heroic type who could rally multitudes at his call.

　　只是我自己的寂寞是不可不驅除的，因爲這於我太痛苦。我於是用了種種法，來麻醉自己的靈魂，使我沉入於國民中，使我回到古代去，後來也親歷或旁觀過幾樣更寂寞更悲哀的事，都爲我所不願追懷，甘心使他們和我的腦一同消滅在泥土裏的，但我的麻醉法卻也似乎已經奏了功，再沒有青年時候的慷慨激昂的意思了。

　　However, my loneliness had to be dispelled, for it was causing me agony. So I used various means to dull my senses, both by conforming to the spirit of the time and turning to the past. Later I experienced or witnessed even greater loneliness and sadness, which I do not like to recall, preferring that it should perish with me. Still my attempt to deaden my senses was not unsuccessful—I had lost the enthusiasm and fervour of my youth.

　　《新青年》創刊號及更名後第一期

　　S會館裏有三間屋，相傳是往昔曾在院子裏的槐樹上縊死過一個女人的，現在槐樹已經高不可攀了，而這屋還沒有人住；許多年，我便寓在這屋裏鈔古碑。客中少有人來，古碑中也遇不到什麼問題和主義，而我的生命卻居然暗暗的消去了，這也就是我惟一的願望。夏夜，蚊子多了，便搖着蒲扇坐在槐樹下，從密葉縫裏看那一點一點的青天，晚出的槐蠶又每每冰冷的落在頭頸上。

　　In S Hostel there were three rooms where it was said a woman had lived who hanged herself on the locust tree in the courtyard. Although the tree had grown so tall that its branches could no longer be reached, the rooms remained deserted. For some years I stayed here, copying ancient inscriptions. I had few visitors, there were no political problems or issues in those inscriptions, and my only desire was that my life should slip quietly away like this. On summer nights, when there were too many mosquitoes, I would sit under the locust tree, waving my fan and looking at the specks of sky through the thick leaves, while the caterpillars which came out in the evening would fall, icy-cold, on to my neck.

　　那時偶或來談的是一個老朋友金心異，將手提的大皮夾放在破桌上，脫下長衫，對面坐下了，因爲怕狗，似乎心房還在怦怦的跳動。

　　The only visitor to come for an occasional talk was my old friend Chin Hsin-yi. He would put his big portfolio down on the broken table, take off his long gown, and sit facing me, looking as if his heart was still beating fast after braving the dogs.

　　“你鈔了這些有什麼用？”有一夜，他翻着我那古碑的鈔本，發了研究的質問了。

　　"What is the use of copying these?" he demanded inquisitively one night, after looking through the inscriptions I had copied.

　　“沒有什麼用。”

　　"No use at all."

　　“那麼，你鈔他是什麼意思呢？”

　　"Then why copy them?"

　　“沒有什麼意思。”

　　"For no particular reason."

　　“我想，你可以做點文章……”

　　"I think you might write something..."

　　我懂得他的意思了，他們正辦《新青年》，然而那時彷彿不特沒有人來贊同，並且也還沒有人來反對，我想，他們許是感到寂寞了，但是說：

　　I understood. They were editing the magazineNew Youth, but hitherto there seemed to have been no reaction, favourable or otherwise, and I guessed they must be feeling lonely. However I said:

　　“假如一間鐵屋子，是絕無窗戶而萬難破毀的，裏面有許多熟睡的人們，不久都要悶死了，然而是從昏睡入死滅，並不感到就死的悲哀。現在你大嚷起來，驚起了較爲清醒的幾個人，使這不幸的少數者來受無可挽救的臨終的苦楚，你倒以爲對得起他們麼？”

　　"Imagine an iron house without windows, absolutely indestructible, with many people fast asleep inside who will soon die of suffocation. But you know since they will die in their sleep, they will not feel the pain of death. Now if you cry aloud to wake a few of the lighter sleepers, making those unfortunate few suffer the agony of irrevocable death, do you think you are doing them a good turn?"

　　“然而幾個人既然起來，你不能說決沒有毀壞這鐵屋的希望。”

　　"But if a few awake, you can't say there is no hope of destroying the iron house."

　　“狂人日記”，《新青年》第四卷第五號

　　是的，我雖然自有我的確信，然而說到希望，卻是不能抹殺的，因爲希望是在於將來，決不能以我之必無的證明，來折服了他之所謂可有，於是我終於答應他也做文章了，這便是最初的一篇《狂人日記》。從此以後，便一發而不可收，每寫些小說模樣的文章，以敷衍朋友們的囑託，積久就有了十餘篇。

　　True, in spite of my own conviction, I could not blot out hope, for hope lies in the future. I could not use my own evidence to refute his assertion that it might exist. So I agreed to write, and the result was my first story,A Madman's Diary. From that time onwards, I could not stop writing, and would write some sort of short story from time to time at the request of friends, until I had more than a dozen of them.

　　在我自己，本以爲現在是已經並非一個切迫而不能已於言的人了，但或者也還未能忘懷於當日自己的寂寞的悲哀罷，所以有時候仍不免吶喊幾聲，聊以慰藉那在寂寞裏奔馳的猛士，使他不憚於前驅。至於我的喊聲是勇猛或是悲哀，是可憎或是可笑，那倒是不暇顧及的；但既然是吶喊，則當然須聽將令的了，所以我往往不恤委婉了一點，在《藥》的瑜兒的墳上平空添上一個花環，在《明天》裏也不敘單四嫂子竟沒有做到看見兒子的夢，因爲那時的主將是不主張消極的。至於自己，卻也並不願將自以爲苦的寂寞，再來傳染給也如我那年青時候似的正做着好夢的青年。

　　As for myself, I no longer feel any great urge to express myself; yet, perhaps because I have not entirely forgotten the grief of my past loneliness. I sometimes call out, to encourage those fighters who are galloping on in loneliness, so that they do not lose heart. Whether my cry is brave or sad, repellent or ridiculous, I do not care. However, since it is a call to arms, I must naturally obey my general's orders. This is why I often resort to innuendoes, as when I made a wreath appear from nowhere at the son's grave inMedicine, while inTomorrowI did not say that Fourth Shan's Wife had no dreams of her little boy. For our chiefs then were against pessimism. And I, for my part, did not want to infect with the loneliness I had found so bitter those young people who were still dreaming pleasant dreams, just as I had done when young.

　　這樣說來，我的小說和藝術的距離之遠，也就可想而知了，然而到今日還能蒙着小說的名，甚而至於且有成集的機會，無論如何總不能不說是一件僥倖的事，但僥倖雖使我不安於心，而懸揣人間暫時還有讀者，則究竟也仍然是高興的。

　　It is clear, then, that my short stories fall far short of being works of art; hence I count myself fortunate that they are still known as stories, and are even being compiled in one book. Although such good fortune makes me uneasy, I am nevertheless pleased to think they have readers in the world of men, for the time being at least.

　　所以我竟將我的短篇小說結集起來，而且付印了，又因爲上面所說的緣由，便稱之爲《吶喊》。

　　Since these short stories of mine are being reprinted in one collection, owing to the reasons given above, I have chosen the titleNa Han(Call to Arms).

　　一九二二年十二月三日，魯迅記於北京。

　　December 3, 1922, Peking