GMAT邏輯語義解讀
GMAT邏輯語義解讀
大家都知道，在SC板塊對大家的考察里，語法不是唯一的重點，而什麼才是SC的精髓呢？對，是邏輯語義！邏輯貫穿我們整個GMAT考試,當然是重點,也是我們的一個核心思維,那今天小V老師就帶著大家一起來解讀一下SC里的邏輯語義,到底需要注意哪些方面,幫助大家梳理一下.
首先,大家需要明確一點,那就是邏輯=主幹+修飾,大家在做SC題目時千萬那不要鑽進語法點的牛角尖里死摳,要從整個句子想表達的真正意思出發,才可以拿下SC. 」邏輯=主幹+修飾」,這個公式其實已經說明了,所有提出來的主幹和修飾,都視為什麼服務,都是為邏輯服務的. 那邏輯考點大家要明確的第一點,就是先要學會如何去識別邏輯考點，它會怎樣考怎樣出.即以下 4種方法:
1、全句劃線。（一變全變）
2、主語發生變化。（偷梁換柱經常有，主語變，意思再接近也是錯）
3、連詞發生變化。（and、but、or等小連詞不可忽略，小齒輪起關鍵決定性作用）
4、選項無法對比出考點。（怎麼辦呢？回過頭看原文邏輯，原文邏輯正確，保留原邏輯；原文邏輯不正確，再在選項里找出正確邏輯）
知道了考點的識別，其次就是要遵循：如果原句邏輯合理，輕易不改變主幹邏輯意思，如果邏輯不合理，選出原句想表達的邏輯意思這樣的一個原則。
然後，給大家分享3點邏輯語義里常見的錯誤，幫助大家更好的理解：
說了那麼多，不如實戰來的具體，接下來給大家分析即到邏輯語義相關的題目，看看都有哪些邏輯上的錯誤。
第一題：
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, arenow drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A、Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
B、Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
C、Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
D、Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
E、Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
這道題首先提出主幹是Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions，神經學家正在得出結論，跳過中間插入語：在過去二十年間已經得出了關於大腦和其從發育到成熟的發展這樣的一個結論，然後插入語向前修飾神經學家，意為在過去二十年間已經得出了關於大腦和其從發育到成熟的發展這樣的一個結論的神經學家，現在正在得出結論。
主幹修飾完整，邏輯語義通順，保留，B選項主謂之間加入連詞錯誤，C選項amassing 原本修飾的做了主幹且有歧義用amassing當作謂語，錯誤，改編邏輯。
DE則也是原本修飾成分having amassed變成主幹have amassed，改變邏輯關係，就算改變後的邏輯通順也不選，因為原句的邏輯已經正確，就不輕易改變了。
我們再來看一道題目：
New data from United States Forest Service ecologists show that for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish big fires.
A、that for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish
B、that for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, seven dollars are saved that would have been spent on extinguishing
C、that for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish
D、for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, that it saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish
E、for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, that seven dollars are saved that would not have been spent on extinguishing
這道題主幹是New data show that，然後賓從that里介詞for後面是介詞短語，沒有跟句子，是spent on sth , sth and sth都是後置定語修飾every dollar的，所以介詞後面不是句子，正確。
那邏輯點在哪呢？ACDE里均有否定詞not,只有B選項里沒有，那到底應該有not還是沒not呢？我們來看邏輯，說新數據顯示，顯示啥呢？每花費在這些，這些和這些上的一美元，就節省了應該花還是不應該花在滅火上的7美元呢？也就是到底該不該有那個not？由邏輯語義可知，應該花兒沒花，才叫saved,你都不應該花了，怎麼叫省了呢？所以此題答案為B，當然除了這一點，A選項it指代不明，代詞指代不明確，做主語，應變為被動，如正確選項B。C選項saves前面依然沒有主語，排除，DE則可根據句法結構，that不修飾前面的personnel，不引導非限定從，排除DE。
由上述例子可知，同學們在遇到邏輯類題目的時候，一定首先要搞清楚句子想表達的真正正確的邏輯意思是什麼，才好判斷自己選出的選項是否正確，而能分辨出正確的邏輯語義又基於能準確的提出主幹，看出修飾。所以這兩者相輔相成。希望大家在做邏輯語義類的題目時能夠有一個清晰的思維。
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