2018年社科院考博英語真題參考答案及出處考據

自己做的，水平有限，歡迎指正。

PART 1 CLOZE （出處：2006年英語專八閱讀真題textB）

CADBA CDABD BDBCC ADDAB

PART 2

PASSAGE 1: BDDAB (出處：2018年1月19日 洛杉磯時報的一篇文章)

PASSAGE 2: CCDAD (出處：2018年2月11日 The Guardian網站的一篇文章)

PASSAGE 3: BDCCD (出處：2012年3月5日 THE NEW YORKER網站的一篇文章)

PASSAGE 4: DBABA (出處：《The complete works of Ralph Waldo Emerson: Lectures and biographical sketches》這本書)

PART 3 SECTION A (出處：2011年專八真題閱讀真題textD)

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PART 3 SECTION B

On a fast-moving train, there is a newly married pair. The mans sat with a hand on each knee. The bride was not pretty, nor very young. When she entered the car, the careless scrutiny of some passengers embarrassed her. They were evidently very happy and will go to dinner to eat. Later the man explained to the bride about the trains with the pride of an owner. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage; and the mans face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter who oppressed them. But of this oppression, they had small knowledge and speedily forgot. Then the bride took from a pocket a little silver watch which was bought by the man. At last, they went to the dining-car. where two rows of Negro waiters surveyed their entrance. The man viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot. As they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.

PART 4 SECTION A （出處：Scientific American網站 2018年3月7日的文章Sentient Robots, Conscious Spoons and Other Cheerful Follies）

(1)你看，從「意識是物理世界的內在本質」到「亞原子粒子是有意識的」的推理基於一個有缺陷的邏輯：它歸因於經歷了一種只有在經曆本身中才能辨別的結構。

(2)即使使用精密儀器，這種儀器的輸出也只能作為感知提供給我們。這些實驗表明感知到的屏幕上的圖像可以被分割成越來越小的元素，直到達到極限。

(3)因此，活體是由亞原子粒子構成的，這未必能證明活體的結構：身體本身是也只是感知屏幕上的圖像，因此在被感知時必然會被「像素化」。

(4)畢竟，正如FM所指出的，無生命物體的邊界僅僅是名義上的——河流在哪停止，海洋從哪裡開始？然而，這些有意識的主體的邊界是明確確定的，例如，由主體內部的感知範圍決定。

(5)根據這種觀點，作為勺子或石頭沒有什麼感覺，因為同樣的原因，作為神經元之一或者神經系統自身也沒有感覺，至少你可以自我評估。

PART 4 SECTION B

  1. These newly established enterprises have brought tens of millions of employment opportunities, and have high growth ability, which is a new supporting force of Chinas economic growth. We not only lower the market access threshold and adopt the policy of "timely assistance" to support these newly established enterprises, but also strengthen supervision both before and after the event and create a fair market environment for competition, Closely weave social security safety net, let entrepreneurs and innovators have no worries behind, cultivate fertile soil for healthy growth of enterprises. （出處：2014年xxx在中歐論壇漢堡峯會第六屆會議上的主旨演講）
  2. As an advocator, promoter, and practicer of international cooperation in the field of health care, China has always been committed to the achievement of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the full implementation of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially the goal of sustainable development in the field of health, the active development of foreign medical assistance and global emergency response, the earnest implementation of international conventions in the field of health, and the willingness to take responsibility of international humanitarian. （出處：2017年9月《中國健康事業的發展與人權進步》白皮書）
  3. The widespread existence of poverty seriously hinders the full realization and enjoyment of human rights. Poverty alleviation and eradication is an important part of human rights protection. Over the years, the Chinese government has persisted in eradicating poverty, improving peoples livelihood, and gradually achieving common prosperity, and continued to develop poverty reduction actions centered on development of poverty alleviation in rural areas, and strived to achieve poverty alleviation and prosperity. （出處：2016年10月《中國的減貧行動與人權進步》白皮書）

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