例：Man has not yet discovered an effective cure for the common cold.（人類至今尚未發現一種有效治療感冒的方法）句中隱含著估計一段時間後也不會發現，但是將來能否會有，尚需要事實來說明。
舉例：
一般現在時，及其被動語態
PET films uniaxially drawn in hot water are studied by means of conventional DSC and modulated DSC (MDSC). …… Variations of Tg with the water content and with the drawing are discussed in terms of the structure in these materials. The increments of p at Tg are also interpreted using a three phases model.
一般過去時，及其被動語態
An analysis of the cure kinetics of several different formulations composed of bifunctional epoxy resins and aromatic diamines was performed. …… All kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were calculated and reported. Dynamic and isothermal DSC yielded different results. An explanation was offered in terms of different curing mechanism which prevail under different curing conditions. A mechanism scheme was proposed to account for various possible reactions during cure.
現在完成時，及其被動語態
The partial molar enthalpies of mixing of NaHSO4 and KHSO4 have been measured at 528K by dropping samples of pure compounds into molten mixtures of NaHSO4 and KHSO4 in Calvet calorimeter. From these values the molar enthalpy of mixing has been deduced.The phase diagram of this system has been confirmed by conductometric and thermal analysis methods. By an optimization method the excess entropy of the liquid mixtures was also calculated.
在Objective項，可直接用動詞不定式的一般式主動語態，如To provide, To explore, …; Methods和Results 項，可用一般
過去時（有時也用現在完成時）及其被動語態；Conclusions 則用一般現在時。
Objective
可用動詞不定式開頭
To investigate…
To study…
To explore…
To examine…
To determine…
To report…
To review…
使用第一人稱時，用泛指的we, the author, the authors ,不用I。
如：In this paper we conclude …
Methods
以被動句和過去時態為主。
Results
用一般過去時陳述實驗結果。
Conclusions
集中表達出作者的學術觀點。
案例：
A detailed study of the melting behavior of oriented isotactic polypropylene has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry.
The orientation in isotactic polypropylene was produced by extruding it in solid phase. At extrusion ratio (ER ) greater four, two melting peaks were observed. With increasing ER, the lower temperature peak was found to shift to higher temperature. The corresponding shift in the higher temperature peak was much less. It is shown that these peaks originate in the melting of crystalline species having different degrees of crystal disorder and stereo-block character.
此案例回答了如下四個問題：
做了什麼? （研究工作範圍）
——用DSC 研究聚丙烯的熔融行為
怎樣做的? （實驗要點）
——固體拉伸取向
結果如何? （主要結論）
——兩個熔融峰及其隨拉伸比的變化
原因何在? （結果的解釋,結論）
——存在不同晶體
4、注意事項
(1) 盡量簡潔
at a temperature of 250℃ to 300℃ → at 250 to 300℃
at a high pressure of 2 kPa → at 2 kPa
has been found to increase → increased
from the experimental results, it can be concluded that → the results show
(2) 能用名詞作定語的不用動名詞作定語，那用形容詞作定語的不用名詞作定語
measuring accuracy →measurement accuracy
experiment results →experimental results
(3) 可直接用名詞或名詞短語作定語的情況下，要少用of句型
accuracy of measurement → measurement accuracy
structure of crystal → crystal structure
(4) 可用動詞的情況盡量避免用動詞的名詞形式
Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made → Thickness of plastic sheet was measured
(5) 一個名詞不宜用多個前置形容詞來修飾，可改用複合詞，兼用後置定語
thermal oxidation apparent activation energy →
apparent active energy of thermo-oxidation
摘要中常用的表達句式：
1.xx的特徵在於: xx is characterized by…
2.xx的2個重要特徵是： Two critical characteristics of xx are …
3.愛因斯坦指出xx的特徵如下： Einstein identified the following characteristics of xx…
摘要的最後1-2句話應該用來概括研究的關鍵信息：你的結論。可以使用諸如「Our study revealed that…」或「Overall, we conclude that…」這樣的句子。然後，盡量簡潔地陳述你的主要發現。如果你有其它有意思的次要發現，也可以提及它們。最後，考慮寫一句陳述有關你的工作的理論性或實踐性意義的話，以及/或者你的工作如何推動整個領域發展。這將幫助讀者更清楚地了解你的發現的重要性。
