還有的，且十分嚴重。

官方說沒有，民間繼續有

法律上取消了，但由於幾千年的習俗傳承下來，所以在民間還是存在的。

有，明面上沒了但暗地裡還有不少，印度那垃圾政府太爛，照這發展速度得花上幾百年

有又沒有，印度的種姓制度就像中國的儒家一樣，已經作為文化烙印在社會之中，官方雖然不承認，明面上社會也在批判，但是女德、鄉賢之類的永遠也變不了。

有的

我最近在知乎上看到了一個關於印度種姓制度（caste system）的問題。我去查了查。

不查不知道，一查驚天跳！

原來，這個問題根本沒有什麼變化。

看來，我們的鄰居印度也有著根深蒂固的問題。問題的嚴重性不亞於我們國家一樣啊。

遂翻譯此文，如下：

=========================

下面是一篇關於這件事情的報道。報道時間是2015年。但是貌似，這個制度依舊非常的嚴重。

原文作者：Mari Marcel Thekaekara

India』s caste system is alive and kicking – and maiming and killing | Mari Marcel Thekaekara?

www.theguardian.com圖標

翻譯一部分：

India』s caste system is alive and kicking – and maiming and killing

印度的種姓制度依然活生生的，並且正在引起傷害和殺戮

It』s 15 August 2016, and in India we』re celebrating the 70th anniversary of our independence. Flags wave. There』s the usual huge Independence Day parade in the capital.

這是2016年8月15日，在印度，我們正在慶祝我們獨立70週年。旌旗飛揚。在首都還會有更加大型獨立日遊行。

But the celebrations bring out both pride and anguish. All of us imbibed the 「freedom struggle」 stories as children. We were taught to be proud of our country』s prolonged battle against colonialism, of the martyrs who gave their blood for India. We showed the world how to shed the shackles of imperialism. And we spread the doctrine of non-violence at a time when it seemed an impossible dream. What』s not to be proud of?

但慶祝活動將驕傲和痛苦兩種滋味都扯了出來。當我們還是孩童的時候，我們所有人被灌輸了一些關於「自由鬥爭」故事。我們被教導為國家對殖民主義的長期鬥爭感到驕傲，以及為印度拋頭顱灑熱血的殉道者感到自豪。我們向世界展示了我們是如何擺脫帝國主義的束縛的。我們向世界傳播了當時看似不可能實現的非暴力不抵抗學說。是啊，還有什麼能阻止我們感到驕傲呢？

But for those who work with our poorest, most marginalised groups, to ask some loaded questions is almost mandatory. What does freedom mean? Free to be mercilessly thrashed for doing a job thrust forcibly on you, such as skinning dead cows, your destiny because that』s the caste you were born into? 「It』s our curse,」 dalits have said to me.

但對於那些最貧困，最邊緣化羣體的人來說，我們的這些所謂的驕傲確實仍舊必須受到質疑。自由到底是什麼？自由難道是你必須去做一份被惡狠狠的強加與你的工作，例如去剝死牛的牛皮？難道擁有這樣的命運僅僅是因為我們從孃胎裏出來被賦予的種姓？ 「這個制度是賦予我們的詛咒，」達利特對我說。

As I write this, the dalits (India』s most oppressed group, our 「untouchables」) are doing a special 「freedom」 march to Una, a small town in Gujarat where last month four young men were brutally beaten up with iron rods by a mob of cow vigilantes for skinning dead cows. These young men are from the 「chamar」 or leather tanning caste. Even now, if ordered to move a carcass – and that means any dead animal ranging from cows to goats to dogs or cats – they are compelled by societal norms to do so, regardless of whether they』ve earned a doctorate in economics or history. The unwritten rule: once a chamar, always a chamar. Yes, we』ve come a long way economically, but our feudal system is alive and well. And not just kicking. It』s maiming, raping and killing, too.

在我寫這篇文章時，達利特（印度最受壓迫的團體，我們的「賤民」）正在向古吉拉特邦的一個小鎮Una進行特別的「自由」遊行。上個月，在古吉拉特邦， 四名年輕人被一羣負責牛的管理和治安的暴徒用鐵棒殘忍的毆打，原因是他們在剝死牛的牛皮。這些年輕人來自「chamar」（他們是負責皮革鞣製的種姓）。即使是現在，如果被命令移動動物的屍體 - 任何死牛，死羊，再到死狗或死貓 - 他們都得去做。因為所謂的社會準則強迫他們去做，無論他們是否甚至已經獲得了經濟學或歷史學博士學位。有個不成文的規定：一朝是一賤民(chamar)，永生是賤民（chamar）。沒錯，我們的經濟已經發展了很久了，但我們的封建制度還活著，而且還活的很好。它不只是在踢我們的人民，他是在傷害，強姦和殺戮我們的人民。

(備註：Chamar is one of the native communities of India which after Independence has been categorized under Scheduled Castes. This is also one of the many marginalized communities who were treated as "untouchables" and were denied basic human rights under the infamous Caste-System (Varna-Vyavastha) of Hindu Brahmans.

Chamar是印度的原住民社區之一，在獨立之後被歸類為預定種姓。他們被視為「賤民」的許多邊緣化社區之一，在印度教婆羅門的臭名昭著的種姓制度（瓦爾納 - 維瓦斯塔哈）下被剝奪了基本人權。備註完畢）

As millions of Indians celebrate Independence Day, the Times of India rana story about Ovindra Pal, a dalit man who despite having a master』s in history, was forced to work in his father』s trade, skinning bovine carcasses. Understandably, Pal is bitter, as are thousands of dalits who have painstakingly inched up the education ladder but still can』t find a job commensurate with their skills and qualifications.

當數百萬印度人在慶祝獨立日之時，印度泰晤士報報道了一則關於Ovindra Pal的故事。故事的主人翁叫做Ovindra Pal，儘管他是一名擁有歷史碩士學位的人，但是因為他出生賤民，卻被迫在父親的交易中工作，剝掉了死牛的皮。可以理解的是，帕爾是痛苦的。成千上萬的賤民（因為種姓制度）苦苦掙扎，以接受更多的教育，但事後仍然找不到與他們的技能和資格相稱的工作。

All Indians, whether Christian, Muslim, Parsi, Buddhist, Jain or Hindu, carry some vestiges of the caste system in them. Caste and casteism have been carried to every corner of the globe to which the Indian diaspora migrated. Our caste prejudices manifest themselves most clearly in the matrimonial newspaper columns, where prospective brides and grooms of all religions are sought for traditional marriage alliances. Caste and skin colour are the most important criteria for admitting a strange woman into that most intimate circle, the home and the family. The woman who will bring forth children to perpetuate the line must almost always be fair-skinned and of the same caste. The exceptions to this rule are very rare.

所有印度人，無論是基督徒，穆斯林，帕西人，佛教徒，耆那教徒還是印度教徒，都帶有一些種姓制度的遺跡。種姓和種姓主義已經傳播到印度僑民遷徙（移民）到的全球各個角落。我們的種姓偏見在婚姻報紙專欄中最清楚地表現出來，在這些專欄中，所有宗教的未來新娘和新郎都尋求傳統的婚姻聯盟。種姓和膚色是讓一個陌生女人進入最親密的社會圈子，家庭和家族的最重要準繩。負責延續香火的女人們幾乎總是被要求具有美麗的皮膚，與不變的種姓。幾乎沒有人能突破這條規則。

My plea this Independence Day is very basic, and echoes that of the marchers in Gujarat for justice and equality. I don』t care if people continue to choose whom they eat with or to whom they marry their daughters and sons. Change, after all, comes slowly. But we do need to stop the prevailing culture of total impunity which allows murderers and rapists of our nation』s poorest people to flaunt their crimes, knowing they can get away with anything.

我對於這個獨立日的願景是非常簡單的，我的願望和期許與古吉拉特邦的遊行者的正義和平等交相呼應。我不在乎人們願意和誰坐在一起喫飯，或者願意讓自己的下一代與誰婚配。畢竟，改變是需要時間的。但我們迫切需要制止社會上瀰漫著的那種有罪不罰的文化。在這種文化裏，那些殺人犯和強姦犯肆意妄為的謀害我們國家最貧窮的人民，而且還炫耀自己的罪行，因為他們知道他們可以逃脫任何形式的責任和懲罰。

In India, justice for the poor and powerless is the exception rather than the rule. Our much maligned media cry themselves hoarse, but the powerful continue to strut around their crime scenes protected by politicians and corrupt bureaucrats.

在印度，對於窮人和無能為力的人來說，正義之於他們根本就是例外，而不是基本的社會規則。我們備受詬病的媒體保持沉默，那些擁有權力的人繼續在他們的犯罪現場肆無忌憚的狂舞，因為他們有政治人物和腐敗的官僚的庇護。

For how many centuries more will we continue to allow heinous caste crimes to go unpunished? It makes a mockery of everything our freedom fighters died for.

我們還要容忍多少個世紀，以讓這些讓令人髮指的、因種姓制度而促成的罪行逍遙法外？它無情的嘲弄了我們的那些自由戰士為之獻身而換來的一切。 Must dalits fight alone? Or can decent Indians stand with them? Our more enlightened business leaders, socially conscious Bollywood actors, and our few decent politicians should organise a different freedom celebration. We can and must begin a campaign against casteism. Only then, when the medieval practice of untouchability and caste is honestly a thing of the past, can we truly celebrate India』s freedom.

難道賤民們必須獨自戰鬥嗎？又或者那些過的體面的印度人會和他們站在一起嗎？我們更開明的商業領袖，具有社會意識的寶萊塢演員，以及我們少數開明的政治家應該組織一次與眾不同的宣誓自由的慶祝活動。我們可以而且必須開始反對種姓主義的運動。只有到那時，當始於中世紀的賤民和種姓制度真的成為過去的時候，我們才能真正意義上的慶祝印度的自由。

====================================

老祖宗說，王侯將相，寧有種乎？突然很喜歡老祖宗。突然很感激第一個說出這種話的老祖宗！

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