我們都知道定冠詞 the、不定冠詞 a/an 的用法。

但是,我們不乏看到極大量的不用冠詞的句子。

於是,一個生僻的問題出現了:

冠詞什麼時候加,什麼時候不加 呢?


This one was posted before

Let me quickly go over the general rules of when to use (a) 「a」, (b) 「the」, and (c) neither 「a」 or 「the」.

You use 「a」 for any one in a group of 2 or more. In Chinese, it is 「某」 (沒有指定的)一個。(Note: 「a」 can be used with a singular noun only).

You use 「the」 for a particular one (or more) you have in mind. In Chinese, it is 「那」 (指定的)。(Note: 「the」 can be used with singular or plural noun).

You use neither 「a」 or 「the」 when you discuss one or more items in general. In Chinese, it is 「普遍來說」。(Note: not using 「a」 or 「the」 can be applied to singular or plural noun」.

Note that often you can choose to use 「a」, or 「no-a-or-the」, at your option.

These are all correct:

1. A home is a man』s castle until the queen shows up. (任何一個家是任何一個人的城堡直至那皇后出現).

2. Home is man』s castle until the queen shows up. (家【普遍來說】是人【普遍來說】的城堡直至那皇后出現).

3. A home is man』s castle until the queen shows up. (任何一個家是人【普遍來說】的城堡直至那皇后出現).

Notice we use 「the」 for the 「queen」 because she is designated to be the 「queen」 of the particular home we just talked about.

Let』s apply what you have just learned to your examples:

1. Jack was president of the school. (There is no 「a」 or 「the」 in front of 「president」 because 「president」 is a title. It would be easier to understand if you say: 「Jack was President (or 『president』) of the school. (Note 1)

2. John was a student of the school. (Jack is one (沒有指定的任何一個) of the students of the school)。

3. John was a better president than Jack. (In the history of the school, there were many school presidents. Some were better than Jack, but some were worse than Jack. John was 「a」 (one of the many) better president than Jack.

Let me give you a couple of more examples.

You have two churches on your street. You went to one of them yesterday. So you say 「I went to a church on my street yesterday」. If there is only one church on your street and you went there yesterday, you say 「I went to the church on my street yesterday」.

Similarly if your brother has two sons and one of them came to visit you yesterday, you say 「A son of my brother came to visit me yesterday」. If your brother only has one son and he came to visit you yesterday, you say 「The son of my brother came to visit me yesterday」.

I hope it helps.

Note 1: Example 1 (Jack was president of the school)

If there is only 1 president in that school, 「Jack was the president of the school」 is correct. If there are more than 1 president in that school (e.g., President of Geography Club, President of Arts Club, etc.), then 「Jack was a president of the school」 is correct.In either of those examples, 「Jack was president of the school」 (i.e., without 「a」 or 「the」 and not intended to be a title) is not that correct.

沒有固定那個詞前面要加a/the,哪些不加,這個要看你使用某個詞語時候的情景

首先要理解為什麼the叫做定冠詞,a/an叫做不定冠詞

所謂「定」就是指定的意思,比如我們平時講話的時候,

別人問你:「你剛才說的是哪個啊?」

你回答:「就是那個啊,那個穿紅衣服的女的啊!」

這個時候就是指定了,不是別人,就是她,所以就要用the girl in red dress

a/an為什麼叫做不定冠詞,「不定」=「不指定」,意思就是隨便哪個都可以,沒有指定,只要是那一類的就行,比如你面前有A蘋果,B蘋果,C蘋果,D蘋果,長得都不一樣,但都是蘋果。你媽媽問你你要喫哪個?你說哪個都行,只要是蘋果。「i just want an apple」。如果你指定要那個特別紅的A蘋果,你就要說,「i want the red one」.


我之前寫過一篇關於冠詞使用的乾貨文章,題主可以參考一下,部分答案的節選如下:

很多同學在寫作的時候都會遇到冠詞(a/the/an)的苦惱,究竟什麼時候該用冠詞?用哪個冠詞?什麼時候不用冠詞?

偶爾出現的冠詞使用問題不會影響你的作文最終得分,但是如果整篇文章的冠詞都在靠感覺猜的話,問題就比較大了。

今天這一期託福寫作大講堂,我來幫大家梳理一下冠詞的使用規則,讓大家使用冠詞的時候有理有據,不在煩惱!

冠詞本身沒有含義,它一般出現在名詞前作為限定詞,輔助句意傳達和理解。英語當中有三種形式的冠詞:不定冠詞(a/an)、定冠詞(the)以及零冠詞(不使用冠詞)。

Environmental pollution is a major threat to the earth.

Please read the passage below and answer these questions.

It takes more than an hour to reach there.

Life is beautiful, isn』t it?

1. 什麼時候使用定冠詞(the)?

我們一般會在表示特指的時候使用定冠詞(the),無論冠詞限定的名詞是可數名詞還是不可數名詞。

You need to press the button to drink the water.

2. 什麼時候使用不定冠詞(a/an)?

我們一般會在可數名詞非特指的時候使用不定冠詞(a/an),不可數名詞不能使用不定冠詞限定。

I have a conference call with John once a week.

輔音開頭的單詞前用不定冠詞a限定,母音開頭的單詞前用不定冠詞an限定。

Gender indiscrimination is an important issue.

3. 什麼時候使用零冠詞?

不可數名詞非特指的時候一般不使用冠詞。

Knowledge is power.

Friendship is precious.

可數名詞通常不能使用零冠詞,以下是可數名詞不使用冠詞的一些特殊情況。

(1)人名

I met Elizabeth yesterday.

(2)稱呼/職位

You can give Doctor Sander a phone call if you are not feeling well.

(3)大部分地名

I will visit Europe next month.

New York is a metropolitan city.

注意:

I have been to the United States twice.

The United Kingdom is at the verge of leaving the EU (European Union).

(4)名詞前已經有限定詞的時候通常不能加冠詞

This apple is rotten.

His uncle is Mr. Billy.

Every student should study hard.

希望這份答案對題主有幫助!


冠詞的正確用法

1 不定冠詞的用法

  冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。  不定冠詞a (an)與數詞one 同源,是"一個"的意思。a用於輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用於母音音素前,一般讀做[en]。 1) 表示"一個",意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。   A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

 2) 代表一類人或物。

   A knife is a tool for cutting with.

   Mr. Smith is an engineer.

 3) 片語或成語。

   a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

2 定冠詞的用法

  定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那(這)個"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。 1)特指雙方都明白的人或物:   Take the medicine. 把葯喫了。 2)上文提到過的人或事:    He bought a house. Ive been to the house.

   他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。

 3)指世上獨一物二的事物:  the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth  4)單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:   Where do you live? I live on the second floor.  你住在哪?我住在二層。   Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.  那正是我要找的東西。 6)與複數名詞連用,指整個羣體:  They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)

  They are teachers of this school.  (指部分教師)

 7)表示所有,相當於物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:   She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前:  the Peoples Republic of China  中華人民共和國  the United States  美國 9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:  She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。 10) 用在姓氏的複數名詞之前,表示一家人:    the Greens  格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) 11) 用在慣用語中:   in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country);in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

3 零冠詞的用法

 1) 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary; 2)泛指的複數名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定冠詞;  They are teachers. 他們是教師。 3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;  Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。 4)物質名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞;  Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無法生存。 5)在季節、月份、節日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;  We go to school from Monday to Friday.  我們從星期一到星期五都上課。 6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;  The guards took the American to General Lee.   士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那裡。 7)在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess  8)當兩個或兩個以上名詞並用時,常省去冠詞;  I cant write without pen or pencil.  沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。 9)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;  10)有些個體名詞不用冠詞;如:  school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個體名詞,直接置於介詞後,表示該名詞的深層含義;    go to hospital  去醫院看病    go to the hospital  去醫院 (並不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠詞的序數詞; a. 序數詞前有物主代詞  b. 序數詞作副詞  He came first in the race. c. 在固定片語中  at (the) first,first of all,  from first to last

4 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結構  1) 兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同東西。   He raises a black and a white cat.  他養了一隻黑貓和一隻白貓。  The black and the white cats are hers.  這隻黑貓和白貓都是他的。 2) 如後一個形容詞無冠詞,則指一物。   He raises a black and white cat.  他養了一隻花貓。

5 冠詞位置

 1) 不定冠詞位置 不定冠詞常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意:  a. 位於下列形容詞之後: such,what,many,half,   I have never seen such an animal.   Many a man is fit for the job.

 b. 當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之後:

   It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.   So short a time.   Too long a distance.

 c. quite,rather與單數名詞連用,冠詞放在其後。

但當rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前後均可。如:quite a lot

 d. 在as,though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞後:

    Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他儘管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發抖。   當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置於比較級形容詞之後。

2) 定冠詞位置

  定冠詞通常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之後,名詞之前。  All the students in the class went out. 班裡的所有學生都出去了。

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原文地址:

波斯大帝不養貓:冠詞的用法詳解?

zhuanlan.zhihu.com圖標

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英語語法?

zhuanlan.zhihu.com圖標

所以我們需要分清楚不同冠詞的作用及意義。對於可數名詞單數形式而言,它是不可以單獨出現在一個句子裏的,前面需要有不定冠詞a/an,或者其他定語(可能是指示代詞this,或者形容詞性物主代詞my,your等等);對於可數名詞的複數形式,它是可以不用冠詞的,但是某些情況下可以根據你想表達的意義添加定冠詞,eg, I suppose the apples in the supermarket are fresh.(這裡就特指的超市裡的水果);對於不可數名詞而言,它是可以單獨使用的.eg,I like money.最後注意那種單複數同行的單詞(如Chinese,Japanese等等),你要確定文章指的是一個中國人或者這個中國人還是中國所有人之後在確定是否使用冠詞。


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