中考英語形容詞比較級和最高級的必考知識點
變化規則
大多數形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
(1)單音節詞加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。
tall(高的) taller tallest
great(巨大的) greater greatest
(2)以不發音的e結尾的單音節詞只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest
large(大的) larger largest
able(有能力的) abler ablest
(3)以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節單音節詞,雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot熱的) hotter hottest
red紅色的 redder reddest
(4)"以輔音字母+y"結尾的雙音節詞,改y爲i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的) easier easiest
busy(忙的) busier busiest
(5)以ly結尾的副詞,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more most.
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly
Bravely-more bravely-most bravely
quickly-more quickly-most quickly
(6)少數以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節詞未尾加-er,-est
clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
(7)其他雙音節詞和多音節詞在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級。如:
important(重要的) more important most important
easily(容易地) more easily most easily
(8)一些詞的比較級和最高級,可以加-er或 -est,也可以加more或most,如:clever, polite等。
(9) 不規則變化
有一些詞的比較級、最高級變化是不規則的,需要特殊記憶。如:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill/badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距離) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示新舊或年齡) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之間的長幼關係)
副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規則和形容詞比較級和最高級的構成規則一樣,所不同的是:形容詞最高級前面必須用the,而副詞的最高級前面的the可帶可不帶。
一些詞本身沒有比較級和最高級形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。
long-longer-longest
young-younger-youngest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
short-shorter-shortest
high-higher-highest
deep-deeper-deepest
small-smaller-smallest
big-bigger-biggest
tall-taller-tallest
loud-louder-loudest
low-lower-lowest
thin-thiner-thinest
fat-fatter-fattest
great-greater-greatest
nice-nicer-nicest
happy-happier-happiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
near-nearer-nearest
clean-dleaner-cleanest
few-fewer-fewest
late-later-latest
angry-angrier-angriest
busy-busier-busiest
lazy-lazier-laziest
hot-hotter-hottest
glad-gladder-gladdest
clear-clearer-clearest
strong-stronger-strongest
lucky-luckier-luckiest
interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting
difficult-more difficult-most difficult
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
形容詞比較級的用法
1. 兩者比較時用形容詞比較級,其結構爲“… 比較級 + than …”。如:Actions speak louder than words.
2. 在兩者之間選擇“哪一個更……”時,用句型“Which / Who is +比較級, … or …?”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
3. 表示“兩者之間最……的一個”時,用“the + 比較級”。如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4. 表示“越……,越……”時,用“the + 比較級,the + 比較級”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表示“越來越……”時,用“比較級 + and + 比較級”,多音節詞和部分雙音節詞用“more and more + 形容詞原級”。如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6. 形容詞比較級前可以用下列詞修飾:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如:It's much colder today than yesterday.
形容詞最高級的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時,用形容詞最高級形式。形容詞最高級前通常需加定冠詞the,句末常接in / of短語來表示範圍。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.
2. 表示“最……之一”時,用“one of + the + 最高級”。如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
3. 形容詞最高級前可以由物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾,此時不用定冠詞the。如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life
修飾語
1. 比較級的修飾語
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有點),a little(有點),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(兩倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修飾比較級表示程度,但決不可用very修飾。
eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一點;
It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷
2.最高級的修飾語
By far/ far and away 最,很 much ……得多 almost 幾乎 nearly 幾乎
另外,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠詞之後。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黃河是中國的第二大河。
This is the third largest building in this city.
這是這個城市裏第三大的建築物。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黃河是中國第二長河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.
這是我讀過的最好的書。