如何看待特朗普指責世衛組織對疫情負有責任，說可能會停止對世界衛生組織的資助？

可能會帶來哪些影響？

川皇老藝能了，先把屎盆子扣上，然後再威逼利誘，你不服他也不能拿你怎麼樣，你服了他就變本加厲。

川普只是想趁機減少開支罷了，因為美國的投入與其它國家相比相差甚大。

川普說: W.H.O. 「Got it wrong."在二月份，川普政府要求給WHO的貢獻從原來計劃的$1.226億美元減少到$57.9百萬，依然排頭。

無能狂怒

本文來自《衛報》，看看外媒怎麼說。

Trump scapegoating of WHO obscures its key role in tackling pandemic

特朗普甩鍋世衛組織，稱其未在抗疫過程中發揮主要作用

The director general of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, attends a news conference on Covid-19 in Geneva, Switzerland, on 24 February.

2月24日，世界衛生組織總幹事譚德塞在瑞士日內瓦參加一場新冠肺炎新聞會議。

The World Health Organization has a tiny budget – for which the US is in arrears – but experts have praised its response to the coronavirus crisis

雖然世界衛生組織預算很少，美國還拖欠會費，但是衛生專家們仍然對世衛組織的抗議行動大加讚賞。

Donald Trump has blamed the World Health Organization for failures in the initial response to the coronavirus pandemic, even threatening to cut its funding, but most health experts say it has performed well with limited resources.

唐納德·特朗普指責世界衛生組織在應對新冠疫情之初工作不力，甚至威脅停止對世衛組織的資助。但大部分衛生專家表示，世衛組織在資源有限的情況下，工作開展得已經很不錯了。

Accusing the WHO of giving bad advice, being 「China-centric」 and even withholding information, Trump claimed to have stopped US funding in a press briefing on Tuesday, only to claim a few minutes later that he was just considering it, pending a review of its performance.

周二，在一場新聞發布會上，特朗普指責世衛組織以「中國為中心」，提供錯誤建議，甚至隱瞞信息，並聲稱要停止對世衛組織的資助。但僅僅幾分鐘之後，他又表示停止資助的想法還只是在考慮當中，需要以觀後效。

In fact, the US is already about $200m in arrears in assessed contributions (national membership fees). It has given more in donations, and was the biggest single donor in 2019 – certainly far more than China, which gives a paltry amount given the size of its economy.

Arrears：逾期欠款，拖欠中

實際上，美國已經拖欠了2億美元攤款（世衛組織會費）。但是美國向世衛組織捐款的數額更大，它是2019年世衛組織最大的捐助國，其捐款額遠超中國。但是鑒於美國本身巨大的經濟規模，這一數額也微不足道。

But the US is far from providing the majority of the WHO』s funds, as Trump claimed, and its voluntary contributions have largely been tied to specific projects. WHO』s total annual budget is about $2.5bn, and contributions from member states have not significantly increased over three decades.

但是正如特朗所稱，美國遠未成為世衛組織的主要資金來源國，其捐助資金大部分都流向了特定項目。世衛組織年度預算總額大概是25億美元，會員國的捐助在過去30年間並沒有顯著增長。

「The WHO』s budget is around the equivalent of a large US hospital, which is utterly incommensurate with its global responsibilities,」 said Lawrence Gostin, a public health law professor at Georgetown University. 「So, if the US president were a global health leader, he』d be leading a call to at minimum double the WHO budget in the face of this pandemic.」

Incommensurate：不相稱的，不成比例的；

美國喬治城大學公共衛生法教授勞倫斯·高斯汀說：「世衛組織的年度預算和一所美國大型醫院差不多，這與世衛組織在世界範圍內肩負的職責完全不匹配。所以，如果特朗普是世衛組織總幹事，面對此次疫情，他至少要求將世衛組織年度預算增加1倍。」

Global health experts have generally given the WHO good marks for its transparency and the speed with which it has responded to the coronavirus, under its director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. It is universally seen as much better than its sluggish, error-strewn response to the Ebola outbreak in west Africa in 2014, three years before Tedros took over.

世界衛生領域的專家們認為，世衛組織在總幹事譚德塞的領導下，能夠公開透明、迅速及時地處置疫情，大家紛紛給出好評。他們普遍認為，世衛組織此次行動遠超2014年，當時西非爆發埃博拉疫情，而當時世衛組織反應遲緩、失誤頻頻。3年後，譚德塞才入主世界衛生組織，成為其最高領導。

Error-strewn：經常出錯，錯誤不斷；

「I have been a longstanding critic and I』ve described their performance on Ebola as catastrophic. But I think overall their performance on this outbreak has been, not perfect, but pretty good,」 Ashish Jha, a public health professor at Harvard, said.

哈佛大學公共衛生教授阿希什·賈表示：「我一直比較苛刻，我曾經把世衛組織應對埃博拉疫情的行動描述成一場災難。雖然我認為他們這次的抗議行動並不完美，但是已經很不錯了。」

「They』ve been very transparent as much as they have known the data. They have had daily calls, they have been very clear about the severity of this illness, and how the global community has to respond.」

「他們盡量公布已知數據，工作非常透明。他們每天都會進行電話會議，非常清楚本次疫情的嚴重程度，也明白全球各地是如何應對的。」

Anthony Fauci, the director of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Robert Redfield, the head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, took part in WHO conference calls about coronavirus from 7 January, according to sources familiar with the conversations.

According to sources familiar with the conversations：據知情人士透露；

據知情人士透露，美國國家過敏和傳染病研究所所長安東尼·福西和美國疾控中心主任羅伯特·雷德菲爾德從1月7日起就加入了世衛組織的每日電話會議。

Tedros declared a 「public health emergency of international concern」 on 30 January, calling on governments to pursue containment and testing efforts. The declaration was criticised by some as coming several days too late, but others say the organisation』s awareness of the dangers was held back by China』s government, which initially suppressed information about the initial outbreak in Wuhan, and refused entry to WHO experts.

譚德塞在1月30日宣布這是一場「世界關注的公共衛生緊急事件」，呼籲各國政府採取控制和檢測措施。有些人指責這份聲明來得太遲，但是其他人表示，由於中國政府的阻礙，世衛組織沒有及時認識到事態的嚴峻，中國在武漢疫情爆發初期隱瞞消息並拒絕世衛組織專家入境。

Donald Trump rails against the WHO at a White House coronavirus briefing on 5 April.

特朗普總統在4月5日的白宮疫情防控發布會上指責了世界衛生組織。

On the same day Trump was confidently predicting the coronavirus did not present a serious threat to the US, assuring Americans: 「It』s going to have a very good ending.」

當天，特朗普還信心滿滿地預測疫情不會給美國帶來嚴重威脅，並向美國人民保證「疫情結束時一切都會恢復正常。」

Gavin Yamey, the director of Duke University』s center for policy impact in global health, said: 「If the United States had followed the WHO』s very clear advice on identifying cases, isolating cases and conducting contact tracing, then it wouldn』t be in the appalling situation that it is in today.」

杜克大學全球衛生政策影響中心主任蓋文·雅米表示：「如果美國能夠嚴格按照世衛組織的建議檢測病例、隔離病患並追蹤感染途徑，那麼就不會出現今天如此嚴重的情況。」

Despite its declaration, the WHO did not advocate travel restrictions of the sort imposed by Trump a day later on non-American travellers arriving from China. The president has pointed to this as an example of bad advice. But Gostin, who is director of the WHO centre on global health law, said that the organisation cannot generally call for travel bans under international law – and such bans can be counterproductive, leading countries to withhold vital information for fear of economic isolation.

Counterproductive：適得其反的；

儘管發表了聲明，但世界衛生組織並沒有呼籲各國採取美國那種旅行禁令。一天前，特朗普要求禁止來自中國的非美國旅客入境。他根據這點指出世界衛生組織給出了錯誤的建議。但是世界衛生組織全球衛生法律中心主任高斯汀表示，根據國際法，世衛組織一般不能要求旅行禁令，並且這種禁令也可能適得其反，導致各國因擔心遭到經濟孤立而隱瞞關鍵信息。

「To blame the WHO for acting on the basis of international law and science in ways that are entirely consistent with what WHO practices have been for decades is the height of hypocrisy,」 he said.

他說：「指責世衛組織在國際法和科學的基礎上嚴格按照該組織數十年來的辦事傳統採取行動，這是非常虛偽的行為。」

Trump claimed that his ban 「shut down」 intercontinental transmission of the virus, but an ABC television investigation found that there were 3,200 flights from China to the US in the critical period between December and March.

特朗普聲稱他的禁令「阻止」了疫情在國際間蔓延，但是美國廣播公司所做的一項調查發現，在疫情嚴重的去年12月到今年3月間，有3200架航班從中國飛往美國。

By the time Trump』s ban was announced, it was far too late to stop the virus entering the US. It was already rampant in US communities, but Trump continued to tell Americans that the outbreak would not affect them, and wholesale US testing failed to get off the ground for?another six weeks.

直到特朗普宣布旅行禁令，想阻止疫情傳入美國已經為時已晚。此時，疫情已經在社區間蔓延，但是特朗普仍然堅持告訴美國人，疫情不會影響他們的生活，但是在接下來的6周，美國始終都沒能進行大規模檢測。

The US president』s accusations that the WHO is 「China-centric」 have more resonance with public health scholars. The WHO has largely excluded T from its discussions, and dodged questions about the Ts response, which has been one of the most effective. But because of pressure from Beijing – which sees T as an integral part of its territory and opposes any form of recognition –

the blindspot is a UN-wide phenomenon.

Dodged：迴避的，逃避的；

Tedros also praised Chinese transparency and its national response, even though Beijing had tried to hide the seriousness of the situation in Wuhan for several critical weeks,.

Laud：讚美，稱頌；

「I think the effusive praise for China, in the early days, was probably unnecessary,」 Jha said.

Effusive：熱情洋溢、溢於言表；

賈教授說：「我認為疫情初期可能沒必要熱情洋溢地來讚美中國。」

Amanda Glassman, the executive vice-president and senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, said a deeper problem is the WHO』s low budget and relatively toothless structure. Unlike the nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, it has no redress against governments that do not cooperate.

Redress：賠償；

全球發展中心執行副總裁兼高級研究員阿曼達·格拉斯曼表示，更深層次的問題是世衛組織的預算低且相對沒有權利。不像國際原子能機構這樣的核監督機構，世界衛生組織沒對法那些不配合的國家進行罰款。

「It operates in countries at the pleasure and permission of the host country governments. So in the case of China, to be allowed to enter China, it was a negotiation to get there,」 Glassman said.

格拉斯曼表示：「這就得看東道國政府臉色。所以在中國這件事上，想進入中國，就得通過協商。」

She added that the real challenge for the WHO has yet come, when the pandemic really hits poorer countries with fragile, underfunded health services, who rely heavily on the organisation.

她補充道，等疫情真正蔓延到那些衛生服務落後，資金不足且嚴重依賴世衛組織的貧窮國家時，世衛組織才算是面臨真正的考驗。

Unlike the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the US will not be there to take the lead, and it will be up to the WHO to coordinate scarce resources and expertise.

與2014年埃博拉疫情不同的是，如今美國不會再出面領導，只能靠世衛組織自己去協調短缺的物資和專業人員。

「Can they do that in 40 countries at once?」 Glassman asked. 「That is the part that remains to be tested.」

格拉斯曼問道：「世界上還有40個國家等著病毒檢測，世衛組織能夠立刻在這些國家開展檢測服務嗎？」

特朗普再次向人們展示了他並不擁有的權利。

能決定資金是否流向WHO的不是總統，而是國會。就目前而言，他沒有任何能力斷供WHO。

此外，成立並資助WHO的意義在於為世界上每個國家提供重大疾病的預警機制。這是關乎全人類衛生健康的重要機構，而不是蓬佩奧口中的「美國把美國納稅人的錢捐到WHO，那麼WHO（以及其他所有國際組織）就應該為發揮它的作用（為美國的利益服務）」這狗屁話。（蓬佩奧在上面的新聞中還明確批評了WHO，認為是WHO的不作為是導致美國疫情變成這樣的原因。）

最後，我們看看特朗普和蓬佩奧對WHO的指責有沒有道理。我從不罵街，只訴諸事實。