[常考重點整理] 介系詞 preposition
定義: - 介系詞 (preposition)又叫前置詞,放在名詞、代名詞或名詞相等語之前,表示它後面的名詞與句子中其他字之間的關係。
介系詞的種類: 簡單介系詞: 只有一字的介系詞,如:in, at, for, since等- The two brothers study in the same class.
- It's been ten years since they married.
二重介系詞: 由兩個介系詞組成,如:until after(直至...之後), from among(從...當中)- I delayed the plan until after I put the details.
- They went out from among us.
片語介系詞: 兩個以上的字形成一個片語當介系詞用,如:as for(至於), out of(出自), according to(根據), because of(因為), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果)- As for my past, I'm not telling you anything.
- In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.
分詞介系詞: 如:regarding(關於), considering(考慮到), including(包括)。- He knew nothing regarding the case.
- Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.
- There are ten people including you.
介系詞的受詞: - 介系詞後面的名詞或代系詞叫做介系詞受語。介系詞的受詞通常是名詞、代名詞、動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子句等。
名詞作受詞: - The picture is on the wall.
- She is afraid of dogs.
代名詞作受詞: - She looks like you.
- She stood in front of me.
動名詞作受詞: - She is afraid of making new friends.
- All runners should know about running.
形容詞作受詞: - His answer is far from honest.
副詞作受詞: - She came back to Taipei from abroad.
片語作受詞: - They failed to agree on where to spend their holidays.
子句作受詞: - It depends on whether he will buy the house.
- I quite agree with what you say.
介系詞的位置: - 位於動詞之後,表示位置或方向
- He lives in Taipei.
- He went into the kitchen.
- 位於句首,表示突出、對照或倒裝
- In the garden everything was so beautiful.
- Behind me lay the fields.
- On the desk is a bag.
- 位於名詞之後,用於限制前面的名詞
- The apple on the plate is for you.
- He is an expert at troubleshooting.
- 位於動詞之後,表示位置或方向
介系詞的意義分類: 表示時間: about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within.表示地點: about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near.- We live at an old town.
- They went through the park.
- They built a nest at the top of the tree.
- There's a police station at the end of the street.
- How beautiful the moonlight on the lake is!
- What's that black mark on the ceiling?
- You used to have a picture on the wall, didn't you?
- This is the only shop in the village.
- He enjoys traveling in every quarter of the globe.
表示方式: by bus :乘公共汽車 see with one's own eyes :親眼看... write in ink :用墨水寫... on foot :步行,徒步表示原因: for :He was punished for stealing. from :suffer from a cold of :be ashamed of with :shake with cold表示關於: about :關於(一般情況) on :關於(理論,學術) of :a long story of adventure表示比較: as :His face is as black as coal. like :He saw a number of small hard things like stones.表示除外: but :He works every day but Sunday. except :We all went except Tom. except for :The letter is good except for the spelling. besides :Besides English, he studies German and French.表示條件: with :With all his faults, I like him. without :Man cannot live without water.表示結果: to :She tore the letter to pieces.表示對於: for :Sea air is good for the health. to :To her it was all unusual.
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