英語口語的語調包括輕重讀、聲調、節奏、連讀和弱讀幾個部分,它們在表意、流暢度、自然度等幾個方面起到重要作用。其中,連讀和弱讀現象因在漢語中基本不存在,常成為中國托福考生口語發音難點;另外,在聽力中,能分辨連弱讀也能增強我們的理解能力;本文就來說一說它們。

一.連讀

1.「輔音+母音」型連讀

在一個意羣裏,若相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞以輔音結尾,後一個詞以母音開頭,就要將輔音與母音拼起來連讀。

eg: (「~」表示可連讀)

I』m~an~English boy.

It~is~an~old book.

Let me have~a look~at~it.

Ms Black worked in~an~office yesterday.

Put~it~on, please.

Not~at~all.

Please pick~it~up.

2. 「r/re+母音」型連讀

在一個意羣裏,若前一個詞以-r或者-re結尾,後一個詞以母音開頭,這時的r或re要發/r/且與後面的母音拼起來連讀。

eg:

They』re my father~and mother.

I looked for~it here~and there.

There~are some books on the desk.

Here~is a letter for you.

Where~are your brother~and sister?

Tip:如果一個音節的前後都有字母r,即使後面的詞以母音開頭,也不連讀。

eg: The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.

3. 「母音+母音」型連讀

在一個意羣裏,若前一個詞以母音結尾,後一個詞以母音開頭,這兩個母音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。前詞以/u/結尾的的,兩詞之間彷彿加入了半母音/w/; 前詞以/i/結尾的,兩詞之間彷彿加入了半母音/j/。

eg:

I~am a Chinese girl.

He~is very friendly to me.

My~uncle wants to study~English.

How~and why did you come here?

She can』t carry~it.

Do~it again. Go~over the exercise.

It』ll take you three~hours to walk there.

The question is too~easy for him to answer.

4. 當短語或從句之間按意羣進行停頓時,不同意羣之間的詞不可連讀。

eg:

Is~it a~hat or a cat?

There~is~a good book in my desk.

Can you speak~English or French?

Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning?

She opened the door and walked~in.

二.弱讀

在一個意羣裏,前一個詞以輔音結尾,後一個詞以輔音開頭,後一個輔音發音,前一個弱化。

1. 爆破音(/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/)後面直接跟另外一個爆破音、破擦音(/t∫/, /d?/)或鼻輔音(/m/, /n/)時,該爆破音則會失去爆破,即做出要爆破的動作,形成閉塞但不發出音。

eg: act two, good picture, a short night

The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.

Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?

This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.

The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.

2. 如果爆破音(/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/)後面直接跟的是摩擦音(/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /?/, /e/ ,/?/, /?/)時,這個爆破音會有很輕微的爆破,即不完全爆破

eg: breakfast, advice, exciting, help this man, lift the veil

3. 弱讀現象的特例:/h/

在一個意羣裏,前一個詞以輔音結尾,後一個詞以/h/開頭時,/h/音被擊穿,輔音與/h/後面的母音連讀。

eg: ask him, let him, reach him, has he, could he, like her

以上便是英語口語中連讀和弱讀的要點,多多練習吧。

*本文系環球教育徐品品老師原創,轉載需聲明

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