最近看世足赛是不是紧张又刺激!

足球的起源到底是什么呢?

一起来了解看看吧

 

 

History of Football - The Origins

The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body.

当代最受欢迎的运动的历史已经持续超过一百年了，而它在1863年起源于英国，当时英式橄榄球和足球协会正式分支，Football Association (足球协会) in England 正式成立。

contemporary ( adj. )当代的

His lecture is on contemporary American novelists . 他的课程是关于当代美国小说家。

span ( v. ) 持续、延伸到

His career as a singer spanned three decades. 他的歌手生涯持续了三年。

rugby ( n. ) 英式橄榄球

branch off 分支

 

 

 

Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree. A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees, and to which the historical development of football has been traced back. Whether this can be justified in some instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball about for thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more 'natural' form of playing a ball with the hands.oth codes 

这两个规则的起源有许多共通点，而它们也都有复杂且长久的历史演进，历史上也可以追溯许多不同的比赛;虽然有些说法仍具有争议性，但是不能否认的是人们非常享受踢球这个运动，而且已经持续好几千年了，如果要说踢球是个背离”自然”的玩球方法(也就是用手玩)，一点也不为过。

stem from 起源于…

intricately ( adv. ) 复杂地

The movie has an intricate plot. 这部电影的情节很复杂。

disputable ( adj. ) 有讨论空间的、有争议性的

aberration ( n. ) 脱离常轨

For her, such a low grade on an exam was an aberration. 对他来说这么低的成绩是脱离常轨的。

   

 

On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often without any laws for protection, it was recognised right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball with the feet was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill. The very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise from  military manual dating back to the second and third centuries B.C. in China.

除了运用脚这个特殊的玩法之外，在游戏中通常没有任何规则是关于防守，而它被认为是因为用脚控制球的技巧是一种艺术而且非常不容易，有科学研究显示早期的足球可能是第二和第三世纪的中国用于军事体能训练。

tussle ( n. ) 争斗

The suspect was arrested after a tussle with a security guard. 这个嫌疑犯在和警卫的打斗之后被逮捕。

military ( adj. ) 军事的

He has had a long military career. 他有很长的军事生涯。

manual ( adj. ) 体力的

 

 

This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes. According to one variation of this exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at his target unimpeded, but had to use his feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the attacks of his opponents. Use of the hands was not permitted. 

这种唐朝”足球”的前身是用大约30到40公分的羽毛和毛发填入一个小网子然后再绑到竹子的茎上面。其中一个变化的玩法是，球员只能用脚、胸、背来护球以抵挡敌方的攻击，而比赛是全程禁止使用双手。

forebear ( n. ) 祖先

His forebears fought in the American Civil War. 他的祖先在美国独立战争中打过仗。

cane ( n. ) 茎

withstand ( v. ) 抵挡

They withstood attacks from many critics. 他们抵挡许多带有批评的攻击。

permit ( v. ) 允许、准许

We ' ll discuss both questions if time permits . 如果时间允许的话，我们会讨论这两个问题。

 

 

Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese Kemari, which began some 500-600 years later and is still played today. This is a sport lacking the competitive element of Tsu' Chu with no struggle for possession involved. Standing in a circle, the players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small space, trying not to let it touch the ground.

另一种形式的比赛源自于日本，它被称作Kemari，它比中国的起源晚了约五、六百年，至今仍有人在玩。这种游戏比较没有强烈的比赛、竞争意味，所有球员围成一个圆圈，他们必须在相对较小的空间互相传球，避免求落地。

originate from 起源于…

competitive ( adj. ) 有竞争性的

You need a degree to be competitive in today's job market. 你需要一个学位来让自己在就业市场变得更有竞争力。

relatively ( adv. ) 相对地

 

 

The Greek 'Episkyros' - of which few concrete details survive - was much livelier, as was the Roman 'Harpastum'. The latter was played out with a smaller ball by two teams on a rectangular field marked by boundary lines and a centre line. The objective was to get the ball over the opposition's boundary lines and as players passed it between themselves, trickery was the order of the day. The game remained popular for 700-800 years, but, although the Romans took it to Britain with them, the use of feet was so small as to scarcely be of consequence.

在希腊也有一种类似足球的比赛称作Episkyros，然而它的比赛方法几乎没有保留下来。而在罗马有Harpastum，他们会使用较小的球，比赛时有两支队伍，比赛场地则是长方形的，上面画有边界线和中线，球员的目标就是把球带超过对方的边界线，这种球赛受欢迎的时间长达七、八百年之久，虽然罗马人把它传入英国，但是只能用脚踢似乎并不受欢迎，所以并没有大受欢迎。

boundary ( n. ) 边界线

Those two trees mark the boundary of our property. 这两棵树代表了我们财产的界线。

remain ( v. ) 继续存在、保持

Only two minutes still remain in the game. 比赛只剩两分钟。

   

 

参考资料 : FIFA官网 

 

 

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