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①Painstaking work by Jason Long of Wheaton College and Joseph Ferrie of Northwestern University provides another perspective. ②They have spent the past decade poring over census returns from America and Britain, identifying families with children in one count, tracking down the same children as adults in another, and thereby building up a multigenerational dataset. ③An analysis of three generations shows that in both America and Britain the effect of high (or low) incomes in one generation lasts for at least two more. ④Yet their study also suggests it is possible to break patterns of immobility. ⑤Although American and British mobility rates had converged by the middle of the 20th century, Americas social order was considerably more fluid than Britains in the 19th century. ⑥The past has a tight grip on the present. But in the right circumstances, it can apparently be loosened.
【翻譯過程】
①Painstaking work by Jason Long of Wheaton College and Joseph Ferrie of Northwestern University provides another perspective.
惠頓學院的賈森·朗和西北大學喬斯·費里斯艱苦的工作提供另一個視角。
②They have spent the past decade poring over census returns from America and Britain, identifying families with children in one count, tracking down the same children as adults in another, and thereby building up a multigenerational dataset.
二人花了十年時間研究美國和英國的人口調查表，一方面記錄下有孩子的家庭，另一方面記錄這些孩子成家之後的情況，以此建立起多代間的數據。
③An analysis of three generations shows that in both America and Britain the effect of high (or low) incomes in one generation lasts for at least two more.
一項研究三代人的分析顯示在美國和英國，一代內的高收入（或是低收入）會持續至少兩代以上。
④Yet their study also suggests it is possible to break patterns of immobility.
不過他們的研究也表明打破不流動是可能的。
⑤Although American and British mobility rates had converged by the middle of the 20th century, Americas social order was considerably more fluid than Britains in the 19th century.
雖然美國和英國的社會流動率在20世紀中葉趨於一致，但是在19世紀美國社會的社會等級還是比英國要更具流動性。
⑥The past has a tight grip on the present. But in the right circumstances, it can apparently be loosened.
過去牢牢掌控現在。但是在合適的環境下，顯然這種控制力可以減弱。
【參考譯文】
惠頓學院的賈森?龍和西北大學的約瑟夫?費里埃用艱苦細緻的工作為我們提供了另一個視角。在過去的十年里，他們詳細查閱了美英兩國的人口統計數據，一面記下有子女家庭的家庭狀況，同時追蹤記下這些孩子成家立業後的家庭狀況，以此建立起幾代人的數據資料。對英美兩國三代人的數據分析表明，一代人的高收入水平會使至少兩代人受益。不過，他們的研究也告訴我們，打破社會一成不變的枷鎖也並非不可能。英國和美國的社會流動率在20世紀中葉趨近，但在19 世紀，美國社會明顯要比英國更易變動更迭。過去牢牢掌控著現在，但如果環境適宜，這種控制力顯然也可以人為減弱。
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