藥理作用 

/作用機轉 

Amlodipine, as a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking

agent, selectively inhibits calcium influx across cell membranes

in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, with a greater effect on

vascular smooth muscle. Amlodipine is a peripheral arteriolar

vasodilator; thus it reduces afterload.

Benazepril, as a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme

inhibitor (ACEI), inhibits ACE activity, resulting in the

suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA)system.

適應症/劑量 

PO,

Adult

Hypertension: Initial, (benazepril 10mg/amlodipine 2.5 mg) QD; may titrate dose up to (benazepril 40mg/amlodipine 10 mg)  QD, based on clinical response.

Pediatric

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

使用禁忌 

angioedema, history, with or without previous ACEI treatment;

hypersensitivity to amlodipine, benazepril, or to any other ACEI.

懷孕危險分級 

Benazepril (D);  Amlodipine(C)

不良反應 

Edema, angioedema; rash, dermatitis; flushing; hyperkalemia, hypokalemia; dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdomen pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, esophagitis; jaundice,  elevations of hepatic enzymes; back pain, muscle pain, muscle cramps; dizziness, headache, asthenia, fatigue, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, tremor; decreased libido, impotence, polyuria; pharyngitis, cough; anaphylactic reactions.

健保規定 

無相關規定

藥品圖檔 

藥理作用

/作用機轉

Losartan, as a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist,

 blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of

angiotensin II by inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to the

AT 1 receptor. AT 1 receptor blockade results in an increase in

plasma renin activity (PRA) followed by increases in plasma

angiotensin II concentration.

Hydrochlorothiazide, as a thiazide diuretic, increases urinary

excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium

reabsorption in the early distal tubule. The diuretic action

decreases plasma volume, resulting in increases in plasma

rennin activity, increases in aldosterone secretion, increases in

urinary potassium loss, and decreases in serum potassium.

Since the renin-aldosterone link is mediated by angiotensin II,

coadministration of losartan tends to reverse the potassium loss

 associated with hydrochlorothiazide.

適應症/劑量

PO, Take with or without food

Adult

Hypertension: initial, (50 mg losartan/12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide) QD, allow 2-4 wks titration to achieve

optimum antihypertensive effect. Max. (100 mg losartan/25mg

hydrochlorothiazide) QD.

Pediatric

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

使用禁忌

anuria,

hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, or

sulfonamides.

懷孕危險分級

C(1^st trimester); D(2^nd, 3^rd trimester)

不良反應

Edema, angioedema; cardiac dysrhythmia, palpitation; rash; hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia; hyperkalemia, hyponatremia; nausea, diarrhea, abdomen pain; decrease in Hb/Hct; elevations in liver enzymes and/or serum bilirubin, hepatitis; back pain; dizziness, headache, asthenia, fatigue; changes in renal function; pharyngitis, cough, sinusitis, UTI; anaphylactic reactions.

健保規定

無相關規定

藥品圖檔

藥理作用

/作用機轉

Ca. Polystyrene Sulfonate, as a potassium binder, is an artificial resins that exchange bound cations Ca2+ for potassium ions in the large intestine. After exchange, the released cation and potassium adhering to the resin are excreted with the faeces. This mechanism prevents intestinal absorption of alimentary potassium ions and thereby reduces serum potassium levels.

適應症/劑量

PO/ Retention enema rectally,

Adult

Hyperkalemia:

PO, 15- 30gm/day in 2 or 3 divided dose. Each dose should be

suspended in 30- 50ml of water. The dosage may be adjusted according to the patient’s condition.

Rectally, a ratio of  30gm(Kalimate): 100ml (water, 5% G/W

 or 2% methylcellulose solution), suspended as a warm

emulsion, retain 30-60 min. The dosage may be adjusted

according to the patient’s condition.

使用禁忌

patients with intestinal obstruction

懷孕危險分級

Unknown

不良反應

Hypokalaemia, hypermagnesaemia, hypercalcaemia; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation.

健保規定

無相關規定

藥品圖檔

藥理作用

/作用機轉

Mucosal production of arachidonic acid metabolites, both through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine appears to diminish inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, thereby decreasing the production of prostaglandins, and leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), respectively.

適應症/劑量

Retention enema rectally,

Adult

Ulcerative proctitis (active, chronic); Proctosigmoiditis (active ulcerative): 4gm retention enema rectally QD at bedtime (retain for 8 hours) for 3 ~ 6 weeks.

Pediatric

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

使用禁忌

hypersensitivity to mesalamine, other salicylates (including

aspirin), or to any component of the product.

懷孕危險分級

B

不良反應

M: Headache, GI disturbance.

L or R: Arthralgia; pericarditis; skin rash; pancreatitis; hepatotoxicity; agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia; renal impairment.

健保規定

無相關規定

藥品圖檔