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 美國國家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute, NCI) 是美國癌症研究和資助的主要機構,是美國國立衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health, NIH)所屬的28個研究所中歷史最為悠久的研究所。Norman Sharpless ,醫學博士,現任美國國家癌症研究所主管、前北卡羅來納大學萊恩伯格綜合癌(Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center) 主管、特聘教授,早些時候接受了知名媒體WebMD的採訪。

  中英文對照見下方

  癌症的臨牀試驗到底是什麼?

  Norman Sharpless, MD:

  Norman Sharpless博士:

  Clinical trials are really important. Its how we make progress against a

certain kind of cancer.

  臨牀試驗非常重要,是我們推動癌症治療發展的(重要)途徑。

  We have an idea. We think a new therapy or a new way of treating a cancer

will work and help the patient, but were not sure it will yet.

  我們一直有一個想法。我們會覺得一種治療癌症的新治療方案或手段是有效的、能對患者起作用,但其實我們並不能確定。

  So we have a means by testing new ideas and new therapies in patients

through the clinical trials machinery. And thats really how we make progress in cancer.

  所以,我們採用臨牀試驗的方式在患者中測試新的想法和治療方案。並且這種方法確實能夠推動癌症治療的發展

  A big problem we have with clinical trials in the United States is that

about less than 5% of patients that are candidates for clinical trials go on them.

  但在美國,臨牀試驗的重要問題是,一項臨牀試驗僅有少於5%的患者適合參加。

  (臨牀試驗)有什麼好處?

  Sharpless:

  Sharpless:

  Clinical trials have potential benefits for the patients.

  臨牀試驗對患者來說有一些潛在的獲益。

  We usually use a clinical trial where the physicians are not entirely happy

with the outcome of the therapy.

  通常情況下,當醫生對治療方案的療效並不樂觀時,會考慮臨牀試驗。

  So the idea is that by doing a clinical trial, we can do better than the

standard of care or therapy for that disease.

  所以,(這麼做的)目的就是通過臨牀試驗實現比現有標準治療方案更好地治療疾病

  So the potential benefit for the patient is that they could have a better

outcome—they can live longer, and they can have less side effects.

  所以,患者潛在的獲益就是有可能獲得更好地預後——生存期更長,副作用更少。

  They could be cured of their cancer.

  他們有可能被治癒(編者補充:此處指的是特定癌症最理想的情況)

  為什麼(臨牀試驗的)多樣性很重要?

  Sharpless:

  Sharpless:

  So we really want to make sure that the populations participating in

clinical trials are as diverse as possible.

  我們非常希望能讓公眾參加儘可能多樣的臨牀試驗

  But clinical trials, by the way, are how we get new therapies into the

general population.

  臨牀試驗是我們把一種新治療方法應用到大眾人羣的途徑

  So we often generalize the results from a clinical trial on a small,

specific population to the rest of the world.

  因此,我們把從一小部分有代表性人羣的臨牀試驗中獲得的結果推廣到大眾人羣(編者補充:「rest of the

world」有點誇張了,不同地區的患者的臨牀試驗結果往往不盡相同)

  So for a variety of reasons—for socioeconomic reasons, for language barrier

reasons, for germline ethnicity reasons—all of these issues are important that

we have a diverse clinical trials group population that looks like the US population.

  考慮到各種各樣的——社會經濟學的原因、語言障礙的原因、種族差別的原因等,我們需要參加臨牀試驗的人羣豐富而多樣,與美國人口的構成相似。(編者補充:因此進口葯如果想在中國上市銷售,往往需要在中國人羣中進行臨牀試驗或在國際多中心臨牀試驗中包含中國人)

  為什麼患者要考慮臨牀試驗?

  Sharpless:

  Sharpless:

  Clinical trials are carefully designed, highly researched, and well thought

out.

  臨牀試驗(通常)是精心設計的、充分研究過的、深思熟慮過的。

  And so we think, in all cases, the potential benefit outweighs the risk to

the patient for participating.

  所以我們認為,無論是什麼情況,患者參加臨牀試驗的潛在收益是大於風險的。

  Every patients different. Every stage of the disease is different. And so

its a conversation that they should have with their doctor.

  每一位患者都是不同的。疾病的不同分期也是不同的。所以,患者需要與醫生有所溝通。

  But clinical trials, in all cases, will represent at least the best

possible care we can do at the time.

  但無論如何,臨牀試驗代表著當下我們所能採取的最後的、最有可能的治療手段。

  編者補充:Sharpless

博士講的還是比較概括的。關於臨牀試驗其實有很多內容值得一提,甚至可以上升到方法論(Methodology)的層面。正如Sharpless

博士所說臨牀試驗通常是精心設計和深思熟慮過的。因此,患者擔心自己是「試驗品」完全是一種概念的模糊。

  試問,一家製藥企業花費巨額成本研發藥物,經過層層篩選,在真正上市銷售掙錢之前還要進行試驗。如果真的沒有一定把握,很草率地進行臨牀試驗,讓製藥公司的股東情何以堪?

  所以,製藥公司比患者更不希望臨牀試驗失敗!另一個問題也是是Sharpless 博士提到的,對應一部分人羣的臨牀試驗只有不到5%的患者能參加。

  參加臨牀試驗是有條件的,很多患者知道了解的太晚,就算想參加,也因為有些條件不合格而錯失良機。因此,即使是能做的不多,患者也需要先見之明為自己選擇一個更好的未來。

來源微信公眾號:ai幫幫

我們一直有一個想法。我們會覺得一種治療癌症的新治療方案或手段是有效的、能對患者起作用,但其實我們並不能確定。

So we have a means by testing new ideas and new therapies in patients through the clinical trials machinery. And thats really how we make progress in cancer.

所以,我們採用臨牀試驗的方式在患者中測試新的想法和治療方案。並且這種方法確實能夠推動癌症治療的發展

A big problem we have with clinical trials in the United States is that about less than 5% of patients that are candidates for clinical trials go on them.

但在美國,臨牀試驗的重要問題是,一項臨牀試驗僅有少於5%的患者適合參加。

(臨牀試驗)有什麼好處?

Sharpless:

Clinical trials have potential benefits for the patients.

臨牀試驗對患者來說有一些潛在的獲益。

So the idea is that by doing a clinical trial, we can do better than the standard of care or therapy for that disease.

所以,(這麼做的)目的就是通過臨牀試驗實現比現有標準治療方案更好地治療疾病

So the potential benefit for the patient is that they could have a better outcome—they can live longer, and they can have less side effects.

所以,患者潛在的獲益就是有可能獲得更好地預後——生存期更長,副作用更少。

They could be cured of their cancer.

他們有可能被治癒(編者補充:此處指的是特定癌症最理想的情況)

為什麼(臨牀試驗的)多樣性很重要?

Sharpless:

Sharpless:

So we really want to make sure that the populations participating in clinical trials are as diverse as possible.

我們非常希望能讓公眾參加儘可能多樣的臨牀試驗

But clinical trials, by the way, are how we get new therapies into the general population.

我們非常希望能讓公眾參加儘可能多樣的臨牀試驗o often generalize the results from a clinical trial on a small, specific population to the rest of the world.

臨牀試驗是我們把一種新治療方法應用到大眾人羣的途徑

  So we often generalize the results from a clinical trial on a small, specific population to the rest of the world.

  因此,我們把從一小部分有代表性人羣的臨牀試驗中獲得的結果推廣到大眾人羣(編者補充:「rest of the world」有點誇張了,不同地區的患者的臨牀試驗結果往往不盡相同)

  So for a variety of reasons—for socioeconomic reasons, for language barrier reasons, for germline ethnicity reasons—all of these issues are important that we have a diverse clinical trials group population that looks like the US population.

  考慮到各種各樣的——社會經濟學的原因、語言障礙的原因、種族差別的原因等,我們需要參加臨牀試驗的人羣豐富而多樣,與美國人口的構成相似。(編者補充:因此進口葯如果想在中國上市銷售,往往需要在中國人羣中進行臨牀試驗或在國際多中心臨牀試驗中包含中國人)

  為什麼患者要考慮臨牀試驗?

  Sharpless:

  Sharpless:

  Clinical trials are carefully designed, highly researched, and well thought out.

  臨牀試驗(通常)是精心設計的、充分研究過的、深思熟慮過的。

  And so we think, in all cases, the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the patient for participating.

  所以我們認為,無論是什麼情況,患者參加臨牀試驗的潛在收益是大於風險的。

  Every patients different. Every stage of the disease is different. And so its a conversation that they should have with their doctor.

  每一位患者都是不同的。疾病的不同分期也是不同的。所以,患者需要與醫生有所溝通。

  But clinical trials, in all cases, will represent at least the best possible care we can do at the time.

  但無論如何,臨牀試驗代表著當下我們所能採取的最後的、最有可能的治療手段。

編者補充:Sharpless 博士講的還是比較概括的。關於臨牀試驗其實有很多內容值得一提,甚至可以上升到方法論(Methodology)的層面。正如Sharpless 博士所說臨牀試驗通常是精心設計和深思熟慮過的。因此,患者擔心自己是「試驗品」完全是一種概念的模糊。

  試問,一家製藥企業花費巨額成本研發藥物,經過層層篩選,在真正上市銷售掙錢之前還要進行試驗。如果真的沒有一定把握,很草率地進行臨牀試驗,讓製藥公司的股東情何以堪?

  所以,製藥公司比患者更不希望臨牀試驗失敗!另一個問題也是是Sharpless 博士提到的,對應一部分人羣的臨牀試驗只有不到5%的患者能參加。

  參加臨牀試驗是有條件的,很多患者知道了解的太晚,就算想參加,也因為有些條件不合格而錯失良機。因此,即使是能做的不多,患者也需要先見之明為自己選擇一個更好的未來。
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