這暑假因為要做維機揭密的企畫案

所以看了由德國有名報紙Spiegel 明鏡週報 兩位記者Marcel Rasenbach and Holger Stark 所寫的這本有關維基解密的書

 

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兩位記者還親自採訪這位把幾乎每個國家政治人物搞得心驚膽戰 與國為敵 的朱利安阿桑傑

有時是約在倫敦或柏林碰面

有時透過網路聊天室

這本書不是朱利安 阿桑傑授權下所寫的傳記

從這本書可以很了解 朱利安阿桑傑 是在哪種環境下長大

影響到他成為現在這樣的人

其實也不能說他是不好的人

有人把它視為恐怖分子

有人覺得這世界就需要這種角色

 

他所做的事涉及到的法律層面可能很難被認定真的犯了甚麼罪

美國司法部長曾說過用廣泛法律追究維基解密刑責

美政府甚至還警告學生勿沾染維機解密 恐斷送前程

有的報導說他可能觸犯美國的 間諜罪

仔細瞧瞧美國間諜罪Espionage 的定義

在The Uniform Code of Military Justice  (UCMJ) Article 106a—Espionage 寫著

(a)

“(1) Any person subject to this chapter who, with intent or reason to believe that it is to be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation, communicates, delivers, or transmits, or attempts to communicate, deliver, or transmit, to any entity described in paragraph (2), either directly or indirectly, anything described in paragraph (3) shall be punished as a court-martial may direct, except that if the accused is found guilty of an offense that directly concerns (A) nuclear weaponry, military spacecraft or satellites, early warning systems, or other means of defense or retaliation against large scale attack, (B) war plans, (C) communications intelligence or cryptographic information, or (D) any other major weapons system or major element of defense strategy, the accused shall be punished by death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

(2) An entity referred to in paragraph (1) is—

(A) a foreign government;

(B) a faction or party or military or naval force within a foreign country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the United States; or

(C) a representative, officer, agent, employee, subject, or citizen of such a government, faction, party, or force.

(3) A thing referred to in paragraph (1) is a document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, note, instrument, appliance, or information relating to the national defense.

(b)

(1) No person may be sentenced by court-martial to suffer death for an offense under this section (article) unless—
(A) the m bers of the court-martial unanimously find at least one of the aggravating factors set out in subsection (c); and

(B) the members unanimously determine that any extenuating or mitigating circumstances are substantially outweighed by any aggravating circumstances, including the aggravating factors set out under subsection (c).

(2) Findings under this subsection may be based on— (A) evidence introduced on the issue of guilt or innocence; (B) evidence introduced during the sentencing proceeding; or

(C) all such evidence. (3) The accused shall be given broad latitude to present matters in extenuation and mitigation.

(c) A sentence of death may be adjudged by a court-martial for an offense under this section (article) only if the members unanimously find, beyond a reasonable doubt, one or more of the following aggravating factors:

(1) The accused has been convicted of another offense involving espionage or treason for which either a sentence of death or imprisonment for life was authorized by statute.

(2) In the commission of the offense, the accused knowingly created a grave risk of substantial damage to the national security.

(3) In the commission of the offense, the accused knowingly created a grave risk of death to another person.

(4) Any other factor that may be prescribed by the President by regulations under section 836 of this title (Article 36).”

Elements.

 

(1) Espionage.

(a) That the accused communicated, delivered, or transmitted any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, note, instrument, appliance, or information relating to the national defense;

(b) That this matter was communicated, delivered, or transmitted to any foreign government, or to any faction or party or military or naval force within a foreign country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the United States, or to any representative, officer, agent, employee, subject or citizen thereof, either directly or indirectly; and

(c) That the accused did so with intent or reason to believe that such matter would be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation.

(2) Attempted espionage.

(a) That the accused did a certain overt act;

(b) That the act was done with the intent to commit the offense of espionage;

(c) That the act amounted to more than mere preparation; and

(d) That the act apparently tended to bring about the offense of espionage.

(3) Espionage as a capital offense.

(a) That the accused committed espionage or attempted espionage; and

(b) That the offense directly concerned (1) nuclear weaponry, military spacecraft or satellites, early warning systems, or other means of defense or retaliation against large scale attack, (2) war plans, (3) communications intelligence or cryptographic information, or (4) any other major weapons system or major element of defense strategy.

 

朱利安 阿桑傑

他是有公開這些國家機密

但

他沒給特定國家這些資料

這樣要美國要控告他有這個罪可能有點困難吧

其實連自己母國-澳洲的總理 都說不出他到底犯了甚麼罪

 

 

 

他算是行動派

這些駭客行動派人士按照自己特有的倫理以及自由的理念行事,

塑造一個次文化的環境

他這樣做的目的之一莫過於想要讓政治透明化

想要讓人民知道拿了他們繳納的稅的政府都在做些甚麼

其實他不只公開有關軍事這方面的資訊

還有金融業的

比如

瑞士的朱利歐斯貝爾 Julius Bär 銀行文件也被公布出來

對方有採取法律途徑控告維基揭密

但敗訴

 

這本書還提到他們被監視的過程

這是一定的吧

做了這些事

美國這位老大哥早就恨得牙癢癢

想盡辦法想要把擊垮他們

參與強迫亞馬遜停止對維機解密進行支持行動的

參議院國土安全及政府市務委員會主席 Joe Lieberman 喬 李伯曼

還建議了一個名為

Securing Human Intelligence and Enforcing Lawful Dissemination

保護人類智慧和強化法律傳播的法案

 

維基揭密 另一個被熱烈討論的是

他們算是一個媒體嗎?

這央關於是否能用 美國第一修正案 新聞自由 來保護他們

他們這樣做是否有違反 media ethic 這一區域

 

他的法律團隊請到兩位律師

一位是 media lawyer Mark Stephens

一位是 Geoffrey Robertson

 

第一位後來好像不知道甚麼事沒再參與這個法律團隊

 

 

詳細的維機解密資料待下回再繼續分享

 

附上兩個有關維機解密的video

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/chi_hant/julian_assange_why_the_world_needs_wikileaks.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAiRYqaO8AI

 

其他可以了解維機解密的還有Time 雜誌 :

2010.12.13號出版的

Titile：Do you want to know a secret ?

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