簡介

Spring Security,這是一種基於 Spring AOP 和 Servlet 過濾器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解決方案,同時在 Web 請求級和方法調用級處理身份確認和授權。

工作流程

從網上找了一張Spring Security 的工作流程圖,如下。

圖中標記的MyXXX,就是我們項目中需要配置的。

快速上手

建表

表結構

建表語句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(255) NULL,
`pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,user,e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e);
INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,admin,e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e);
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,USER);
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,ADMIN);
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,/user/common,common,0);
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,/user/admin,admin,0);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2);

pom.xml

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-security4</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

spring:
thymeleaf:
mode: HTML5
encoding: UTF-8
cache: false

datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-security?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root

User

public class User implements UserDetails , Serializable {

private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;

private List<Role> authorities;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}

@Override
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

@Override
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}

@Override
public List<Role> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}

public void setAuthorities(List<Role> authorities) {
this.authorities = authorities;
}

/**
* 用戶賬號是否過期
*/
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}

/**
* 用戶賬號是否被鎖定
*/
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}

/**
* 用戶密碼是否過期
*/
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}

/**
* 用戶是否可用
*/
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}

}

上面的 User 類實現了 UserDetails 介面,該介面是實現Spring Security 認證信息的核心介面。其中 getUsername 方法為 UserDetails 介面 的方法,這個方法返回 username,也可以是其他的用戶信息,例如手機號、郵箱等。getAuthorities() 方法返回的是該用戶設置的許可權信息,在本實例中,從資料庫取出用戶的所有角色信息,許可權信息也可以是用戶的其他信息,不一定是角色信息。另外需要讀取密碼,最後幾個方法一般情況下都返回 true,也可以根據自己的需求進行業務判斷。

Role

public class Role implements GrantedAuthority {

private Long id;
private String name;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

@Override
public String getAuthority() {
return name;
}

}

Role 類實現了 GrantedAuthority 介面,並重寫 getAuthority() 方法。許可權點可以為任何字元串,不一定非要用角色名。

所有的Authentication實現類都保存了一個GrantedAuthority列表,其表示用戶所具有的許可權。GrantedAuthority是通過AuthenticationManager設置到Authentication對象中的,然後AccessDecisionManager將從Authentication中獲取用戶所具有的GrantedAuthority來鑒定用戶是否具有訪問對應資源的許可權。

MyUserDetailsService

@Service
public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Autowired
private RoleMapper roleMapper;

@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String userName) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
//查資料庫
User user = userMapper.loadUserByUsername( userName );
if (null != user) {
List<Role> roles = roleMapper.getRolesByUserId( user.getId() );
user.setAuthorities( roles );
}

return user;
}

}

Service 層需要實現 UserDetailsService 介面,該介面是根據用戶名獲取該用戶的所有信息, 包括用戶信息和許可權點。

MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService

@Component
public class MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource {

@Autowired
private PermissionMapper permissionMapper;

/**
* 每一個資源所需要的角色 Collection<ConfigAttribute>決策器會用到
*/
private static HashMap<String, Collection<ConfigAttribute>> map =null;

/**
* 返回請求的資源需要的角色
*/
@Override
public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object o) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (null == map) {
loadResourceDefine();
}
//object 中包含用戶請求的request 信息
HttpServletRequest request = ((FilterInvocation) o).getHttpRequest();
for (Iterator<String> it = map.keySet().iterator() ; it.hasNext();) {
String url = it.next();
if (new AntPathRequestMatcher( url ).matches( request )) {
return map.get( url );
}
}

return null;
}

@Override
public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() {
return null;
}

@Override
public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
return true;
}

/**
* 初始化 所有資源 對應的角色
*/
public void loadResourceDefine() {
map = new HashMap<>(16);
//許可權資源 和 角色對應的表 也就是 角色許可權 中間表
List<RolePermisson> rolePermissons = permissionMapper.getRolePermissions();

//某個資源 可以被哪些角色訪問
for (RolePermisson rolePermisson : rolePermissons) {

String url = rolePermisson.getUrl();
String roleName = rolePermisson.getRoleName();
ConfigAttribute role = new SecurityConfig(roleName);

if(map.containsKey(url)){
map.get(url).add(role);
}else{
List<ConfigAttribute> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add( role );
map.put( url , list );
}
}
}

}

MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService 類實現了 FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource,FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource 的作用是用來儲存請求與許可權的對應關係。

FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource介面有3個方法:

  • boolean supports(Class<?> clazz):指示該類是否能夠為指定的方法調用或Web請求提供ConfigAttributes。
  • Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes():Spring容器啟動時自動調用, 一般把所有請求與許可權的對應關係也要在這個方法里初始化, 保存在一個屬性變數里。
  • Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object object):當接收到一個http請求時, filterSecurityInterceptor會調用的方法. 參數object是一個包含url信息的HttpServletRequest實例. 這個方法要返回請求該url所需要的所有許可權集合。

MyAccessDecisionManager

/**
* 決策器
*/
@Component
public class MyAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager {

private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAccessDecisionManager.class);

/**
* 通過傳遞的參數來決定用戶是否有訪問對應受保護對象的許可權
*
* @param authentication 包含了當前的用戶信息,包括擁有的許可權。這裡的許可權來源就是前面登錄時UserDetailsService中設置的authorities。
* @param object 就是FilterInvocation對象,可以得到request等web資源
* @param configAttributes configAttributes是本次訪問需要的許可權
*/
@Override
public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException {
if (null == configAttributes || 0 >= configAttributes.size()) {
return;
} else {
String needRole;
for(Iterator<ConfigAttribute> iter = configAttributes.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
needRole = iter.next().getAttribute();

for(GrantedAuthority ga : authentication.getAuthorities()) {
if(needRole.trim().equals(ga.getAuthority().trim())) {
return;
}
}
}
throw new AccessDeniedException("當前訪問沒有許可權");
}

}

/**
* 表示此AccessDecisionManager是否能夠處理傳遞的ConfigAttribute呈現的授權請求
*/
@Override
public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute configAttribute) {
return true;
}

/**
* 表示當前AccessDecisionManager實現是否能夠為指定的安全對象(方法調用或Web請求)提供訪問控制決策
*/
@Override
public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
return true;
}

}

MyAccessDecisionManager 類實現了AccessDecisionManager介面,AccessDecisionManager是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor調用的,它負責鑒定用戶是否有訪問對應資源(方法或URL)的許可權。

MyFilterSecurityInterceptor

@Component
public class MyFilterSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter {

@Autowired
private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource;

@Autowired
public void setMyAccessDecisionManager(MyAccessDecisionManager myAccessDecisionManager) {
super.setAccessDecisionManager(myAccessDecisionManager);
}

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(servletRequest, servletResponse, filterChain);
invoke(fi);
}

public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException {

InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);
try {
//執行下一個攔截器
fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
} finally {
super.afterInvocation(token, null);
}
}

@Override
public Class<?> getSecureObjectClass() {
return FilterInvocation.class;
}

@Override
public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() {

return this.securityMetadataSource;
}

}

每種受支持的安全對象類型(方法調用或Web請求)都有自己的攔截器類,它是AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子類,AbstractSecurityInterceptor 是一個實現了對受保護對象的訪問進行攔截的抽象類。

AbstractSecurityInterceptor的機制可以分為幾個步驟:

    1. 查找與當前請求關聯的「配置屬性(簡單的理解就是許可權)」

      1. 將 安全對象(方法調用或Web請求)、當前身份驗證、配置屬性 提交給決策器(AccessDecisionManager)

        1. (可選)更改調用所根據的身份驗證

          1. 允許繼續進行安全對象調用(假設授予了訪問權)

            1. 在調用返回之後,如果配置了AfterInvocationManager。如果調用引發異常,則不會調用AfterInvocationManager。

            AbstractSecurityInterceptor中的方法說明:

            • beforeInvocation()方法實現了對訪問受保護對象的許可權校驗,內部用到了AccessDecisionManager和AuthenticationManager;
            • finallyInvocation()方法用於實現受保護對象請求完畢後的一些清理工作,主要是如果在beforeInvocation()中改變了SecurityContext,則在finallyInvocation()中需要將其恢復為原來的SecurityContext,該方法的調用應當包含在子類請求受保護資源時的finally語句塊中。
            • afterInvocation()方法實現了對返回結果的處理,在注入了AfterInvocationManager的情況下默認會調用其decide()方法。

            了解了AbstractSecurityInterceptor,就應該明白了,我們自定義MyFilterSecurityInterceptor就是想使用我們之前自定義的 AccessDecisionManager 和 securityMetadataSource。

            SecurityConfig

            @EnableWebSecurity註解以及WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter一起配合提供基於web的security。自定義類 繼承了WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter來重寫了一些方法來指定一些特定的Web安全設置。

            @Configuration
            @EnableWebSecurity
            public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

            @Autowired
            private MyUserDetailsService userService;

            @Autowired
            public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {

            //校驗用戶
            auth.userDetailsService( userService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() {
            //對密碼進行加密
            @Override
            public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
            System.out.println(charSequence.toString());
            return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
            }
            //對密碼進行判斷匹配
            @Override
            public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
            String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
            boolean res = s.equals( encode );
            return res;
            }
            } );

            }

            @Override
            protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/","index","/login","/login-error","/401","/css/**","/js/**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
            .formLogin().loginPage( "/login" ).failureUrl( "/login-error" )
            .and()
            .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedPage( "/401" );
            http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl( "/" );
            }

            }

            MainController

            @Controller
            public class MainController {

            @RequestMapping("/")
            public String root() {
            return "redirect:/index";
            }

            @RequestMapping("/index")
            public String index() {
            return "index";
            }

            @RequestMapping("/login")
            public String login() {
            return "login";
            }

            @RequestMapping("/login-error")
            public String loginError(Model model) {
            model.addAttribute( "loginError" , true);
            return "login";
            }

            @GetMapping("/401")
            public String accessDenied() {
            return "401";
            }

            @GetMapping("/user/common")
            public String common() {
            return "user/common";
            }

            @GetMapping("/user/admin")
            public String admin() {
            return "user/admin";
            }

            }

            頁面

            login.html

            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
            <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>登錄</title>
            </head>
            <body>
            <h1>Login page</h1>
            <p th:if="${loginError}" class="error">用戶名或密碼錯誤</p>
            <form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
            <label for="username">用戶名</label>:
            <input type="text" id="username" name="username" autofocus="autofocus" />
            <br/>
            <label for="password">密 碼</label>:
            <input type="password" id="password" name="password" />
            <br/>
            <input type="submit" value="登錄" />
            </form>
            <p><a href="/index" th:href="@{/index}"></a></p>
            </body>
            </html>

            index.html

            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
            <head>
            <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>首頁</title>
            </head>
            <body>
            <h2>page list</h2>
            <a href="/user/common">common page</a>
            <br/>
            <a href="/user/admin">admin page</a>
            <br/>
            <form th:action="@{/logout}" method="post">
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="註銷"/>
            </form>
            </body>
            </html>

            admin.html

            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>admin page</title>
            </head>
            <body>
            success admin page!!!
            </body>
            </html>

            common.html

            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>common page</title>
            </head>
            <body>
            success common page!!!
            </body>
            </html>

            401.html

            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html lang="en">
            <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>401 page</title>
            </head>
            <body>
            <div>
            <div>
            <h2>許可權不夠</h2>
            <p>拒絕訪問!</p>
            </div>
            </div>
            </body>
            </html>

            最後運行項目,可以分別用 user、admin 賬號 去測試認證和授權是否正確。


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